Making Sense of Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2271 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Arab Open University Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA)- PT3 Form for B301B Academic Year 2014 2015 Semester: First-2014-2015 Branch: Program: Business Studies Course Title: Making Sense of Strategy II Course Code:B301B Student Name: Student ID: Section Number: Tutor Name: Mark details Allocated Marks Questions Q1 Q2 Total 100 Weight 60 40 Marks Deduction Criteria In text referencing (0-5) Referencing (0-5) Word Count (0-5) E-Library (0-5) Total deduction (0-20) Marks 100 Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Total Mark (total marks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" total deductions) Notes on plagiarism: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Making Sense of Strategy" essay for you Create order According to the Arab Open University By-laws, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the following acts represent cases of cheating and Plagiarism: Verbatim copying of printed material and submitting them as part of TMAs without proper academic acknowledgement and documentation. Verbatim copying of material from the Internet, including tables and graphics. Copying other studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ notes or reports. Using paid or unpaid material prepared for the student by individuals or firms. Penalties for plagiarism ranges from failure in the TMA to expulsion from the university. Declaration: I hereby declare that the submitted TMA is my own work and I have not copied any other personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work or plagiarized in any other form as specified above. Tutorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Feedback Student Signature Tutor Name: Tutor Signature: Date returned: Faculty of Business Studies Tutor Marked Assignment B301 B: Making Sense of Strategy II SPRING Semester 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2015 Cut Off date- 25thApri.2015(Ref.AOU 13th Academic Calendar 2014-15) This tutor marked-assignment is meant to assess the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability in understanding, and application of the course materials provided in the class room and ideas from external sources, as well as to test his/her reflection and critical thinking. Among other ILOs, it is also intended to test the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to argue relevantly and to justify a point of view besides, constructing, defending and evaluating an argument, using relevant evidence and giving reasons for conclusions. It consists of three questions and accounts for 20% of the total grade assigned to the course INSTRUCTIONS The TMA must be done with strict compliance to the guidelines and instructions stated, otherwise there will be penalties in form of marks deduc tion as per the universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policy. You are encouraged to collaborate with others in studying, but submitted work copied from or written jointly with others is not acceptable. Submitting work that has been done by someone else and persistent borrowing of other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work without citation are obvious instances of plagiarism and are regarded as cheating. Paying for work from other sources and submitting it as your own is also cheating. It is intellectually dishonest to cheat. If a case of plagiarism is proven, this is a serious offence and the disciplinary procedures will be followed, as described under the Examination Policy of the AOU. Cases of plagiarism will receive a mark of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Zeroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on the assignment. Please refer to AOU plagiarism policy. 1. TMA must be written in ESSAY format, BULLETS and NUMBERING to be avoided. Avoid writing TMAin first person tense. E.g. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In this TMA I am going to discussà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ etc. 2. Word count should be exact with 10%(More/less) tolerance. 3. You must acknowledge all sources of information using full Harvard Style Referencing (In-text referencing plus list of references at the end) Minimum of 5 references are required. MUST include E-library and course materials. 4. Wikipedia is not recommended as a reference. 5. Copy and paste-plagiarized work will be detected by TURNITIN and heavily penalized. 6. TMAs to tutors through emails and late submission not permitted. 7. Strictly use the PT3 form with green color mark accompanying this TMA. Any other non compliance to guidelines and requirements will be penalized WARNING: THERE WILL BE NO EXTENSION OF CUT-OFF DATE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE. Please Note that this particular TMA is meant to respond to recommendations given by EE to encourage and develop greater critical analytical skills especia lly at level 6, by encouraging the students to read more widely; the greater use of comparative case studies; and encouraging part-time students to reflect on the application of the theories discussed to their own workplace Question For the purposes of this TMA you should imagine that you are the director for strategy and policy commission in your country (Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Egypt or Sudan) Following a rapid growth of Multinational Corporations- MNCs in your country, it was noticed that amongst other things: Many small business enterprises were closing down. Figures of imports were rising disproportionately to export figures. Rate of unemployment among the locals was rising The tenure of MNCs in the country was decreasing gradually. As a strategist you are required to discuss: 1. Measures you would put in place to address each of the above four issues. (154= 60 Marks 2000 words) 2. Critically compare and contrast any MNC organization and corporate parent organization in your country based on their structure and strategy adopted by each of them. (40 marks 1000 words) ***************** Good Luck ********************* The world is getting smaller due to the globalization and the tremendous advancements in communications. Multinational companies took advantage of the globalization and politics to expand its market by trying new countries with new experiences instead of selling their goods and services from/to their original country . Dealing with their foreign customers with their different needs and requirements according to the environment and the way of living by also being involved in the market directly and facing the same conditions that their customer is having. Due to the high competition in the market with the MNCs many small enterprises are closing down while their availability is essential and an supports the stability of the economy and also it improves the competition in the market where it will use the local internal resources and supporting services of the country that will help in keeping the money flow within the country and in return will benefit the economy, keeping in mind that most of the multination corporations started as local business , thus the government should support the small business owners by offering them capital supports to be paid in the long run with low or no profits, enhance the infrastructure and the human needs to be available and accessible , safe working environment where they can know what are their responsibilities and rights and not just been as assumptions and vague ,to be controlled by the government for any illegal act or cheating, to be supported by the big companies with their experiences and knowledge, higher the quality of the work or service by educating them with experts from the government and by periodic visits to assure all the requirements needed for the specific domain are available , hire qualified and experienced employees not to be only looking for the lower rate employee The country became more as consumer than a producer thus the imports are rising and the exports are being lower, which is a red alert that the funds of the country will be transferred outside , so the need to control what are the accepted imports and what can be produced internally has the priority to be consumed, Trade protectionism is an aim to protect the countrys economy or a weak sector from low quality or/and better quality imports than the locally produced and also when the government feels that the industries are being threatened by unfair competition from the foreign industries. Doing this will be through adding tariff barriers that will increase the price for the imported goods compared to the local ones, the government supports the locally produced goods to lower the prices, quality regulations, unordinary and time consuming inspections will also help in reducing the imports, open manufactures for assembly or production and attract the experts of the weak domains to invest in the country. these used as a defensive measure and usually is motivated by politics. It can be effective in the short run, but its not recommended for the long run where it usually does a negative impact by doing the opposite intentions by turning the country and the industries it is trying to protect to be less globally competitive. Thus there must be a plan to what and when to protect to create a competition that will increase the quality of the products or services which will affect the quality of the life. All Exports and imports should always comply with islamic Shareea thus restricting importing or producing what is against these roles is fatal and should be treated strictly and control other countries acc ess the technology or resources and delivery specially countries with political problems The unemployment of the locals is raising due to that the foreign companies bring their employees from the mother country to assure the stability of their company specially at the start up period. Usually big companies go to cheaper countries to benefit from the lower rates of the locals and the materials so that and as a step to reduce the unemployment rate, these companies should hire , train and develop the skills of the locals and to be agreed on a percentage of the locals hired keeping in mind that we need to keep the stability and performance of the organization . Also to invite students from schools and universities to attend and get trainings that can be added to their experience before they start looking for jobs and it can be an opportunity to expand their way of thinking and can help in deciding in what major to continue . Additionally the government should attract the investors wh ere the market is in need for the weak sectors and invest in having factories to produce or as an assembly so it can help in reducing the cost of imports and create new vacancies and domains for the locals. Also try to attract visitors and tourists which will also can create different opportunities for the locals Foreign investors are a good opportunity for the countries where they bring their capitals and experiences to invest and increase the flow of money with doing business locally and globally through the country services and also will create new vacancies that will have an impact on the country where the business is located . Therefore attracting those companies to invest is a must to be able to compete internally and globally ,keeping in mind that all investors should be doing a business complied with Shareaa where the islamic culture is the base of the country, so restrictions should apply to businesses which are against the islamic culture. Supporting the investors th rough offering security and capital for low rates with legal support and benefits like citizenship which will help in securing that will keep the business for longer time and invest in the country in other domains. Also that the government should take care of its currency which will help these investors to keep and save their wealth not to lose their money in such changes which might cost them a lot of losses, set rules between the competitors not to be allied against the market for their own profits and to encourage them to use the universities research centers or known places to do their studies and researches so they can benefit from other experiences and not to waste too much time and money in doing the same researches , control the monopoly and big investors from controlling the prices in the market and to help new investors specially in weak domains to compete which will help lower the prices and improve the quality The definition of MNC varies among different dimensions an d each company been called a MNC is with a separate perspective, some are called because that the parent company or the headquarter is in another country, others been called as MNC because the higher managers are two or more different nationalities, etc. FedEx is one of the multinational companies where the parent company is located in USA and has different branches all around the world. FedEx structure is functional and is divided into 5 global regions and in each region consists of countries and each country has its own headquarter each country has its own headquarter dealing with the location separately and including each country there are several companies working under FedEx Integrated applications through companies competing collectively and managed collaboratively under FedEx brandname; FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Freight, FedEx Custom Critical, FedEx Trade Networks, FedEx Supply Chain. FedEx Services, Thinking of these companies as a portfolio o f solutions that Compete collectively and face any challenge in the world of global commerce. Each network operates independently by focusing on the independent networks to meet the customer needs so it can deliver the best service without compromise . That means each individual network can be fine tuned to deliver the best possible service depending on the country and the situation while Managed collaborativelyby working together to sustain the loyallity in the relationship with the investors , workforce and customers Second Question: Reading 14 Students need to Contrast between Two Companies: One is A Corporate Parent and the other is a MNC, the comparison between these two companies would be in terms of their : Structure and Strategies https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/multinational-corporation-MNC.html https://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ355/choi/mul.htm https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/24533/joseph-s-nye-jr/multinationals-the-game-an d-the-rules-multinational-corporations https://www.mci.gov.sa/en/AboutMinistry/pagemin/Pages/pagemin04.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/microeconomics/foreign-investment/role-of-multinational-corporations-mncs-in-foreign-investments/38224/ https://constructionlitmag.com/politics/international/the-rise-of-the-multinational-corporation/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Saudi_Arabia https://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/Trade-Protectionism.htm https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:570419/FULLTEXT01.p https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/protectionism.html#ixzz3YCsgTOYn https://smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-structure-multinational-company-61542.html https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/parentcompany.asp https://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-small-businesses-local-economies-5251.html

What Does The Nike Operates - 1193 Words

Kantianism is very interesting as it relates to how Nike operates. â€Å"For example, one of Kant s best-known principles of obligation is â€Å"Never treat another person merely as a means to your own goals,† even if doing so creates a net balance of positive value† (Arnold, Beauchamp Bowie, 2013, p. 7). This definition is the complete opposite to what Nike has done in the past. It seems that the only way for companies to make money hand over fist, people have to suffer of get taken advantage of. A lot of mega-rich companies or organizations use a loophole within the law here in the United States or countries overseas to exploit people for personal gain. In order for Nike to turn profits, they went did the opposite of Kantianism. People were†¦show more content†¦This also works in another way. The cheaper the labor, the cheaper a company can sell it to the consumer. This is called passing the savings along. Companies are in the business to make money, which i s understandable. It is just morally wrong to be greedy. Some companies would still turn a decent profit if they were not greedy. If Nike would have boosted the pay three more dollars per day, they would have still made huge profits. On the other hand, if Nike would have raised the wages of its workers too much, they would have probably gone out of business by now. How Nike Made Repairs Nike is a giant company with vast resources. Nike utilized a combination of marketing and public relations to resolve its problems. It has unlimited money for advertising and marketing. With enough money behind a company, the public will quickly forget about its wrongdoings. One example of another company that was in a bad ethical situation was Subway. It was found that Subway used the same material found in Yoga mats in their bread. As time went on and advertising continued, people forgot about what happened. Nike agreed to correct some of their discrepancies. Nike agreed to stop using a hazardous material that proved to be very harmful to its workers. Nike also agreed to raise minimum wage in many of the countries in which it operates. In addition, Nike launched an education initiative for workers in many of the countries that it operates. TheseShow MoreRelatedSocial responsibility and Ethics in International Business Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational they have social responsibilities to the communities they operate within. Caterpillar, Inc. is one such company that puts social responsibility at the top of their priorities. They have an abundance of engineers and technologists working on solutions to improve on sustainability. According to the 2012 Sustainability Report (2012), â€Å"at Caterpillar, we always ask ourselves, ‘What do our customers need? 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Marketing in an Age of Social Mobility †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing in an Age of Social Mobility. Answer: Introduction: Over the past few years, transnational marketing has become an important aspect of every global business. Precisely, it refers to the marketing of a companys goods and services over and beyond its home countrys boundary. It is important to note that such marketing involves taking into consideration the differences between national markets while taking into account the linguistic and cultural differences as well as territories. In this regard, the marketing leadership must possess some skills and competencies to ensure a successful penetration into foreign markets. A transnational marketing leader must develop a critical sense of sensitivity to the cultural diversities that may exist between their home country and that of their target market country (Clawson, 2014). They must possess the understanding that their culture and background are not inherently superior to that of the other country in order to reach out and appeal to the new transnational market (Clawson, 2014). By so doing, the marketing leadership will be able to master the workings of the global culture management. Adopts transformational leadership In order to be successful, a transnational leader must adopt a transformational leadership approach. This entails being able to articulate a compelling vision of the marketing goals and visions of the companys future in the new market (Clawson, 2014). In addition, they must be able to set out clear plans on how to achieve marketing goals in the foreign country. In so doing, the firm will be able to infuse the new market successfully. Marketing leaders on the international scale should be able to think strategically about marketing their products using the best teams. In order to achieve this aspect, the leader must be able to understand how marketing works in the global arena and adopt methods that work towards the attainment of positive results (Roy, 2017). Ordinarily, transactional marketing focuses on single point of sale transactions made by a company. For this reason, the marketing approach emphasizes on maximizing the volume of individual sales instead of the relationship with the buyer (Rouse, n.d.). Some of the main aspects of transactional marketing include the placement and promotion of the product. Mobility has a great contribution to transactional marketing as a factor (Fulgoni, 2013). Specifically, the marketing firm must ensure that the customers can find the product in the market as well as have the urge to purchase it immediately. Mobile media is continuously changing consumer habits and their path to purchase is disrupted by technology (Fulgoni, 2013). Therefore, in this case, the firm may employ modern and mobile forms of marketing to reach out to a greater audience and target market and, thus allowing the firm to make many sales and maximize on the volume of sales of their products (Ruizjr, 2015). In this regard, mobil ity contributes to transactional marketing as a factor. References Clawson, J. (n.d.). 11 Key Characteristics of a Global Business Leader. University of Virginia-Darden School of Business . Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://ideas.darden.virginia.edu/2014/01/11-key-characteristics-of-a-global-business-leader/ Fulgoni, G. (2013). Marketing in an Age of Social Mobility. Comscore. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://www.comscore.com/Insights/Presentations-and-Whitepapers/2013/Marketing-in-an-Age-of-Social-Mobility Johnston, K. (n.d.). What Is an Example of Transactional Marketing management?. Chron. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/example-transactional-marketing-25886.html Rouse, M. (n.d.). Transactional Marketing. Tech Target. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/transactional-marketing Roy, E. (n.d.). Two leadership qualities every good leader needs to learn. Trade Ready . Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://www.tradeready.ca/2017/topics/import-export-trade-management/two-leadership-qualities-every-good-leader-needs-learn/

Target Customer Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Customers in American Apparel market can be by and large separated into three sections: adult females. work forces. and kids. Each section has its ain part of the overall market portion. The U. S. dress market grew 4 per centum in 2011 with entire dollar gross revenues of 199 billion dollars ( Beth Boyle ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Target Customer Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The growing of dollar gross revenues in the men’s dress market led the manner in the grownup dress market with an addition of 4 per centum. Women’s dress grew by 3 per centum and children’s dress by 6 per centum. †¢Women and GirlsApparel demand in the US was valued at $ 89. 9 billion in 2011. Clothing designed for adult females and misss represented the larger portion of demand in 2011 given that this population section is by and large more interested in manner tendencies ( â€Å" Apparel: United States† 5 ) . In women’s market. â€Å"smaller† points had more impact than â€Å"big† classs. Besides those points brought â€Å"newness† to the party ( Beth Boyle ) . Outgo on women’s dress is above norm for adult females ages between 55 and 64 old ages old ( â€Å"The US Market for 55+ Customers† 59 ) . Statistics shows that consumers in this group spend more than any other groups in women’s dress. †¢I want trendy. and I don’t want to dry cleanSome 84 % of adult females seek out easy to blend and fit offprints when buying vesture. yet those 18-24 is much less likely to make so than their older opposite numbers. These immature adult females are much more likely to seek out vesture that is ace trendy. or easy passages from the office to nighttime. 18-24s are besides less concerned with â€Å"no iron† or â€Å"tumble dry† on the label ( Fay ) . Younger adult females are more attentions about manner and manner. and mid age adult females focus more on its quality ( Refer to Figure. 1 ) . †¢Men and BoysOverwhelmingly. work forces frock for comfort. Some 85 % of work forces surveyed say this best describes their personal manner ( Lipson ) . Additionally. about half of all work forces surveyed say they like their apparels to be authoritative. More than one tierce of work forces say they strive to look alone. Many work forces try to maintain up with the latest manners and would dress more stylishly if they knew how ( Mention to Figure 2 ) . As a consequence of speed uping aging of American population. mid-21st century America will hold different construction of population. The Baby Boomer Generation will turn to be 65 old ages old or more. As a consequence of the aging America. in 2030 the figure of 65-year-olds will be the kids and young person between ages of 5 and 19. Baby Baby boomers have become one of the most of import functions in American dress market. Thus. older people have different positions of disbursement and different thoughts about manner ( â€Å"The U. S. Mature Market† 8 ) . †¢Older work forces frock for comfort. younger work forces want to stand out Older work forces. those aged 65+ are less likely to hold with most of the personal manner statements compared to younger work forces. However. older work forces are most likely to dress for comfort. Some 92 % of work forces aged 55-64 and 92 % of work forces aged 65+ agree with this statement ( Refer to Figure 4 ) . Younger work forces. those elderly 34 and younger. are likely to state that they are want to look alone and stand out. and that they are interested in apparels and manner. They besides agree that they would dress more stylishly if they knew how ( Lipson ) . Besides. one-year income and soldierly position are factors influences men’s attitudes to manner every bit good ( Refer to Calculate 3 and Figure 5 ) . †¢Infants. Toddlers and TeenssParents frequently shop with kids. so parent’s shopping behaviours makes great influence on this market. The bulk of surveyed parents whose kids are younger than 12 typically purchase children’s vesture at mass merchants ( Donnell ) . Most parents agree that their girls have their ain sense of manner. More than 60 % of respondents who are parents of misss aged 6-11 agree with this statement ( The U. S Market for Infants ) . Not surprisingly. misss are partial to famous persons on vesture. Girls tend to be finical when it comes to taking vesture. as they want to hold a sense of individualism while besides happening manners they like. While misss may happen manners they like. fit appears to be an issue for many parents. Dressing with sketch characters is considered most popular among immature male childs aged 6-8 ( 53 % ) ; dressing having athleticss squads is wanted by male childs aged 6-11 ; and vesture having child famous persons is more likely to be desired by misss aged 6-11. harmonizing to parents’ perceptual experiences of what kids prefer ( Donnell ) . TargetCompared with its rival. Target focus more on younger people market instead than older people ( see Figure 7 ) . PromotionHarmonizing to the research about customer’s attitude to manner. we can do combination of publicity with customer’s demands. †¢Social MediaMost retail merchants have a presence in societal media. The major advantage of take parting in societal media is the comparatively low-priced. and instant. real-time feedback. Many retail merchants are utilizing these tools to derive feedbacks on their merchandises and to do betterments ( Donnell ) . Facebook and Twitter are convenient ways to make today’s consumers Most of the large retail merchants have their Facebook and Twitter page ( Refer to Figure 6 ) . As more U. S. families gain broadband Internet connexions. and more persons ain web-enabled nomadic devices. consumers are progressively connected ( Brown A ; Washton. 88 ) . Mobile apps are besides going a popular selling tool. Retailers can direct consumers promotional offers via text or electronic mail to have on their nomadic devices. but are besides developing nomadic applications to do shopping via nomadic devices easier. Television ads are a traditional manner to advance. Television is the cardinal elements in mature life style. At the same clip. Television ads can besides unite with on-line shopping. Macy’s commercial June 2011. the ad non merely takes advantage of a cardinal chance for retail merchants to advance men’s vesture. but besides entices shoppers to see the web site if they are non able to see the shop by adverting free transportation at macys. com ( Lipson ) . †¢CouponsAbout three in 10 parents surveyed believe that children’s vesture is excessively grown-up ( Donnell ) . Compared with disbursement on other dress. parents are less willing to pay more for children’s dress. They are cleaving to buy kids apparel through mass merchant by utilizing vouchers. †¢Celebrities Effect and Word-of-MouthMuch of women’s vesture advertisement seems focused on advancing the name of the trade names instead than specific vesture. The women’s dress market besides benefits greatly from viva-voce recommendations. as points such as interior decorator denims are seldom advertised via traditional agencies. Harmonizing to a study. consequences show that 63 % of respondents rely on female friends or household members for advice on what vesture looks good ( Fay ) . TargetTarget’s carefully cultivated interior decorator coactions are its ain personal gravy train — frequently imitated. but rarely duplicated by challengers Kohl’s and Sears. By democratising high-end interior decorators and mass-producing their capsule aggregations. Target’s grown its dress concern to about 20 per centum of overall gross. which helped the retail merchant station gross revenues additions in a soft economic system. a tendency that shows no marks of decelerating ( Lydia ) . Harmonizing to me my determination. Target provides more price reductions and vouchers online instead than in shop. Besides. compared with Macy’s. Target has less Television advertizement to catch public’s attending. Target besides has hebdomadal specials and vacation specials. There will be some particular pickups and publicity on every hebdomad and vacation. Plants Cited Apparel: United States. Freedonia Focus Reports. May. 2012. Web. October 7. 2012 Boyle. Beth. NPD Reports on the U. S. Apparel Market 2011. Port Washington. March 29. 2012. Web. October 7. 2012. Brown. Robert A ; Washton. Ruth. â€Å"Marketing and Advertising† . Selling to Internet Generation. Packaged Facts. September. 2000. Web. October 7. 2012. Brown. Robert A ; Washton. Ruth. â€Å"Overall shopping behavior† . Hispanic Consumers: DemographicForms and Spending Trends among Latino Americans. Packaged Facts. January2011. Web. October 7. 2012 Donnell. Fiona O. â€Å"Attitudes Towards Shoping for Children’s Clothes† . Shopping forChildren’s Clothing. MINTEL. September. 2011. Web. October 7. 2012. Donnell. Fiona O. â€Å"Perception of Children’s Attitude toward Shopping† . Shopping forChildren’s Clothing. MINTEL. September 2011. Web. October 7. 2012 Donnell. Fiona O. â€Å"Typical Behavior for Shoping for Children’s Clothes† . Shopping forChildren’s Clothing. MINTEL. September 2011. Web. October 7. 2012 Donnell. Fiona O. â€Å"Marketing Strategy† . Shoping for Children’s Clothing. MINTEL. September.2011. Web. October 7. 2012 Dishhan. Lydia. The Trouble with Wal-Mart’s Apparel Strategy. MoneyWatch. August 2. 2010. Web. Oct 15. 2012. Fay. Kat. â€Å"Clothes Shoping Habits and Preferences† . Women’s Attitudes Toward Shopping. MINTEL. December 2010. Web. October 7. 2012.Fay. Kat. â€Å"Children’s Clothing† . Market Re-forecasts: Retailing and Apparel.MINTEL. April 2009. Web. October 7. 2012. Fay. Kat. â€Å"Advertising and Promotion. † Women’s Clothing. MINTEL. November. 2007. Web. October 7. 2012. Lipson. Alison. â€Å"Men’s Attitude Toward Fashion/Style† . Men’s Attitudes Toward Shopping.MINTEL. March 2012. Web. October 7. 2012. Lipson. Alison. â€Å"Marketing Strategy† . Men’s Attitudes Toward Shopping. MINTEL. March.2012. Web. October 7. 2012 â€Å"Major Mature Market Highlighted† . The U. S. Mature Markets: New Perspective on the 55+ Customer. Packaged Facts. Feburary. 2003. Web. October 7. 2012. The U. S. Market for 55+ Customers: Attitudes and Lifestyles in the New Retirement Paradigm. Packaged Facts. January 2005. Web. October 7. 2012 The U. S. Market for Infant. Toddler. and Preschool Clothing. Volume I in the series: The U. S. Market for Infant. Toddler and Preschool Products. Packaged Facts. March. 2003. Web. October. 2012

Essay #1 Cheating Essays - Cheating, Human Behavior, Behavior

Essay #1: Cheating The definition of cheating is to a ct dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game or examination. In other words, cheating is doing something wrong and against the rules to give yourself an advantage you had not worked for or earned. I believe that cheating in a college class would be situations like: copying another students work, copying information from the internet without using proper citation (pl agiarism), using the internet and/or notes on an assignment when you aren't allowed to, and sharing your assignments with other students. I am sure there are plenty more situations that would be classified as cheating in a college class, but these are just the few main and obvious examples of cheating, in my opinion. There can be many different consequences from cheating, despite if you get caught or not. One of the first things that comes to my mind when thinking about the consequences of cheating is the negative personal affects it can have on an individual. Even if you are not caught in the act of cheating, you still face consequences. The main personal consequence an individual faces after cheating is that they did not gain any knew knowledge or learn what they were meant to by completing the task honestly. Now, not only has the individual broke the rules and risked getting disciplined, t hey have also given up their oppo rtunity to learn somet hing through honestly completely the task on their own. Another major consequence of cheating is in college, it can cause you to be completely dropped from the class you're caught cheating in. Cheating can ruin a teach/professors trust in you, it will make them question a lot from you because it proves you to be dishonest. Cheati ng is not worth its consequences. It is not worth risking being kicked out of a class, making your self have a reputation of being dishonest, and preventing yourself from learning what you need to by completing an assignment on your own in an honest manor. An experience I have had with cheating would be the time that I, myself, attempting cheating on a test I had not studied for in middle school. I had procrastinated studying for this test for a good bit of time, and eventually it was test day. I tried to memorize the study guide in the few minutes I had but it wasn't possible. So , in the spare of the moment, I decided to take pictures of the study guide on my phone and place it in my lap to look at during my test. As I finished my test, I thought I had gotten away with it, but as the teacher was collecting papers, he asked for my phone. He had seen me cheating and allowed me to finish my test before taking my phone. I was given a score of zero for the test, given in school suspension, and my (very unhappy) parents had to pick my phone up from the school. Cheating may seem like "the easy way out", but it is not worth the consequences that come along with it. You will be thought of more highly and will be a more honest and dependable person if you complete all tasks honestly and abiding by the rules. Cheating is lazy, dishonest, and makes an individual seem untrustworthy. You will always achieve more in the long run by doing things correctly, honestly, and with a good conscious. Everyone has cheated in some way at least once in their life, whether it be on a test, quiz, assignment, game, or anything else. Most should learn from the negative effects and consequences of cheating that it is always better to do your best, in an honest manner.

The Catcher in the Rye - the Importance of the Title

The Catcher in the Rye - the Importance of the Title The Catcher in the Rye  is a 1951 novel by American author  J. D. Salinger. Despite some controversial themes and language, the novel and its protagonist  Holden Caulfield  have become favorites among teen and young adult readers. In the decades since its publication, The Catcher in the Rye  has become one of the most popular coming of age novels.  Below, we’ll explain the meaning of the title and review some of the famous quotations and important vocabulary from the novel. The Meaning of the Title: The Catcher in the Rye The title of The Catcher in the Rye is a reference to Comin Thro the Rye,  a Robert Burns poem and a symbol for the main characters longing to preserve the innocence  of childhood.   The first reference in the text to catcher in the rye is in Chapter 16. Holden overhears: If a body catch a body coming through the rye. Holden describes the scene (and the singer): The kid was swell. He was walking in the street, instead of on the sidewalk, but right next to the curb. He was making out like he was walking a very straight line, the way kids do, and the whole time he kept singing and humming. The episode makes him feel less depressed. But why? Is it his realization that the child is innocent- somehow pure, not phony like his parents and other adults? Then, in Chapter 22, Holden tells Phoebe: Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobodys around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all I do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know its crazy, but thats the only thing Id really like to be. I know its crazy. Holdens interpretation of the poem centers around the loss of innocence (adults and society corrupt and ruin children), and his instinctual desire to protect children (his sister in particular). Holden sees himself as the catcher in the rye. Throughout the novel, hes confronted with the realities of growing up- of violence, sexuality, and corruption (or phoniness), and he doesnt want any part of it. Holden is (in some ways) incredibly naive and innocent about worldly realities. He doesnt want to accept the world as it is, but he also feels powerless, unable to effect change. The growing-up process is almost like a runaway train, moving so fast and furiously in a direction thats beyond his control (or, even, really his comprehension). He cant do anything to stop or stall it, and he realizes that his wish to save the children is crazy- perhaps even unrealistic and impossible. Through the course of the novel, Holden is forced to come to terms with the reality of growing up- something that he struggles to accept. The Catcher in the Rye: Key Quotes What I was really hanging around for, I was trying to feel some kind of a goodbye. I mean Ive left schools and places I didnt even know I was leaving them. I hate that. I dont care if its a sad goodbye or a bad goodbye, but when I leave a place I like to know Im leaving it. If you dont, you feel even worse.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 1I dont even know what I was running for- I guess I just felt like it.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 1It was that kind of a crazy afternoon, terrifically cold, and no sun out or anything, and you felt like you were disappearing every time you crossed a road.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 1People always think somethings all true.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 2People never notice anything.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 2Im the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. Its awful. If Im on my way to the store to buy a magazine, even, and somebody asks me where Im goi ng, Im liable to say Im going to the opera. Its terrible.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 3 When I really worry about something, I dont just fool around. I even have to go to the bathroom when I worry about something. Only, I dont go. Im too worried to go. I dont want to interrupt my worrying to go.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 6All morons hate it when you call them a moron.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 6In my mind, Im probably the biggest sex maniac you ever saw.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 9Its really too bad that so much crumby stuff is a lot of fun sometimes.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 9There isnt any night club in the world you can sit in for a long time unless you can at least buy some liquor and get drunk. Or unless youre with some girl that really knocks you out.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 13Goddam money. It always ends up making you blue as hell.- J.D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, Ch. 15 The Catcher in the Rye: Vocabulary Holden speaks to the reader in the first person, using the common slang of the fifties, which gives the book a more authentic feel. Much of the language Holden uses is considered crass or vulgar but it fits the personality of the character. However, some of the terms and phrases Holden uses are not commonly used today. Understanding the words Holden uses will give you a greater understanding of the prose. Chapters 1-5 grippe:  influenza chiffonier:  a bureau with a mirror attached falsetto:  an unnaturally high-pitched voice hounds-tooth:  a pattern of jagged checks, usually black-and-white, on fabric halitosis:  chronic bad breath phony:  a fake or insincere person   Chapters 6-10 Canasta:  a variation on the card game gin rummy incognito:  in the act of concealing ones identity jitterbug:  a very active dance style popular in the 1940s Chapters 11-15 galoshes:  waterproof boots nonchalant:  unconcerned, casual, indifferent rubberneck:  to look at or stare, to gawk, especially at something unpleasant bourgeois:  middle-class, conventional Chapters 16-20 blasà ©:  indifferent or bored, unimpressed conceited:  having a high opinion of oneself, arrogant louse:  a contemptible person; it is also the singular term for lice Chapters 21-26 digression:  a deviation from a central theme in speaking or writing cockeyed:  askew, cross-eyed pharaoh:  ancient Egyptian king bawl:  to cry

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD - Case Study Example High numbers of employees in the current market organizations such as Russia and Brazil have developed their own way of making this strategy work. Bring Your Own Device initiative has been pointed out that businesses are unable to control their employees from bringing personal devices. However, this case study is divided in two ideologies. The benefits and risks involved in exercising Bring Your Own Device in workplaces (Wlech, 2015). The use of Bring Your Own Device at workplace has amplified substantially over the years. Hence, the use of paper and manual practices continues to diminish. For instance, schools have progressively used technology while studying through the use of gadgets such as tablets and personal computers. This type of learning assists students to be more cooperative and get involved in the learning process (Kelly, 2014). Bring Your Own Device has increased business productivity since organizations use green practices and positioning in a friendly environment. Bring Your Own Device saves money and creates peripheral support for employees’ hard work. However, Bring Your Own Device escalates productivity. This case study proves that employees are more productive if they are allowed to use their personal gadgets. There are numerous reasons for running a Bring Your Own Device strategy. One of these reasons is better satisfaction from the employees. Employees become more flexible while working. Bring Your Own Device saves cost expenditure in the workplace because it reduces spending on hardware maintenance and software licensing. While Bring Your Own Device increases motivation, the employees are more contented, more relaxed and often work efficiently with their personal devices (Evans, 2013). Though the use of Bring Your Own Device strategy is an advantage to a company as it makes employees more productive, the cost of this strategy is a great financial assurance to companies that procure many

Concept of Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concept of Marriage - Essay Example People in many African countries continue to practice polygamy and according to scholars, incidents of polygamy or plural marriage are highest in West Africa, where Senegal and Ghana have the â€Å"highest level of polygamy† at between 30 and 50% of all marriages (Hayase & Liaw 300). Despite the statistics, on a global scale, the traditional marriage between one man and one woman is the most common form of marriage. Proponents of traditional marriage argue that marriage is an institution which has stood the test of time and is a fundamental social institution. They believe that marriage between one man and one woman serves a variety of social purposes including the procreation of children, the establishment of a â€Å"stable household for raising children† and the promotion of the nuclear family unit. They also establish that â€Å"children need both a male and female parent for proper development† (Kolasinski 3). Furthermore, many advocates for traditional marriage also argue that homosexuality is wrong and should not be encouraged by society. By conferring the right to marriage and the benefits of this union on same-sex couples, they argue that is exactly what society is doing. Advocates for gay marriage emphatically argue that it is a civil rights issue and since marriage bestows certain social benefits, denying gays the right to marry infringes on their rights to equality. They further argue that marriage is not intrinsically tied to procreation and point to examples of artificial insemination to prove that lesbian couples can also give birth and rear children. It is also argued that civil unions – in lieu of actual marriage – fall short of the equality standard and promote the idea that same-sex marriage is both separate and unequal. The Supreme Court in Canada recently struck down the Marriage Act on the grounds that it was unconstitutional and similar challenges are being made

Animal Testing is Wrong Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing is Wrong Essay Animal testing is cruel and inhuman! It is morally wrong to toture animals for our own benefit. Over 3 million animals have been tormented all in the name of research. It has been found that only 5-25% of side effects caused by medicines are accurately predicted. This leads me to wonder what is actually being gained by animal experimentation. It’s bad science! The Food and Drug Administration reported that 92 out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail on humans, making it wasteful. In recent years there has been the recognition that animals rarely serve as good models for the human body. Animal experiments prolong the suffering of people waiting for effective cures by misleading experimenters and squandering precious money, time, and resources that could have been spent on human-relevant research. In the name of science, animal experiments globally are around 100 million experiments each year. Cats, dogs, rabbits, mice and other animals, no different to those we have as pets, are used in experiments. Animals are force-fed harmful substances, infected with lethal viruses, subjected to brain damage, heart attacks, stokes, cancers and ultimately killed. Several cosmetic tests commonly performed on mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs include:skin and eye irritation tests where chemicals are rubbed on shaved skin or dripped into the eyes without any pain relief. repeated force-feeding studies that last weeks or months, to look for signs of general illness or specific health hazards. widely condemned â€Å"lethal dose† tests, where animals are forced to swallow large amounts of a test chemical to determine what dose causes death. The fact that animals are used to study pain, depression, anxiety, and to test pain-killing drugs for human use, demonstrates that scientists recognize that animals are capable of suffering in many ways just like humans, but these sentient animals are unable to give their consent to participate in research. The fact that animals can suffer and experience pain is sufficient reason to refrain on moral grounds from harming them. Beyond pain, there is also persuasive evidence that animals, in particular mammals and birds, have thoughts, intentions, and memories. This means they can be harmed by confinement, frustration, fear, isolation, and loss of life experiences unavoidable for animals confined in Laboratories and used in experiments. The measurement of stress hormones, and presence of ulcers, immune suppression, abnormal behavior and brain dysfunction in laboratory animals, provide further evidence that animals commonly used in labs do suffer pain and distress. Some people claim that because animals do not have duties or responsibilities in the way humans do, they are not deserving of the same protection. However, some humans have no responsibilities or duties, such as babies, the mentally ill, or very infirm, yet they are not stripped of their rights in this way. Indeed, such individuals are usually considered more deserving of protection, not less. Others argue that the potential benefit to human society justifies experiments on animals. However this argument is a slippery slope, as this reasoning would also justify experiments on a few non-consenting humans for the ultimate benefit of human society a clearly unethical scenario. â€Å"If we didn’t use animals, we’d have to test new drugs on people. † The fact is that we already do test new drugs on people. No matter how many animal tests are undertaken, someone will always be the first human to be tested on. Because animal tests are so unreliable, they make those human trials all the more risky. What I have to wonder is why do we test on animals, or feel the need to have people volunteer for something potential dangerous with its unknown side effects when we have child molesters, rapists, and murderers in prison who are catered to three meals a day? I believe we should enact instead of animal testing, (which has been proven to be highly ineffective) testing on convicted criminals on death row, or prisoners looking to cut down some time in exchange for experimentation and observation.

Religious Influences on Stanley Spencers Art

Religious Influences on Stanley Spencers Art What influence did religion have on the work of Stanley Spencer and did this contribute the reference as a village innocent or avant garde genius? It is difficult to place Stanley Spencer into any of the ideological or theoretical movements of the period during which he painted his unique and deeply subjective paintings. By challenging the divinity of Christianity, and suggesting that Christianity could be seen and gathered from the everyday, Spencer challenges the hierarchy of the church, and of Christian orthodoxy in a way that was both deeply personal, and looked further toward a universality. However, Spencers views on Christianity were eccentric for the time. He believed in the last day as a time of orgiastic joy, and his views stood in sharp contradiction to the more standard and institutionalised views of Christianity being about monogamy and abstinence from sex. Thus, politically and religiously, Spencer stood in direct opposition to the religious views held in some esteem at the time, and this is shown by his explicit drawings that juxtapose sexual and religious imagery. In this sense Spencer was avant-garde, and chall enged the assumptions of the establishment in a direct and controversial way. But, also, Spencer was deeply traditional in his views. His paintings draw heavily on classical and Pre-Raphaelite traditions, which could have been seen as the result of his artistic education as a draughtsman and a traditional painter, and the subject matter of his paintings often centre around the world of the village in which he was born and raised the small home counties village of Cookham. In this essay I will look firstly at how Spencer represents his religion in his paintings, by looking at how Cookham is displayed as a metaphor for all kinds of divine and religious imagery. Secondly, I will look at Spencers opinions on sex and how this made his work controversial and seemingly avant-garde with its jarring connection with Christianity and religion in general. Thirdly, I will discuss Stanley Spencers subjectivity and interrogate whether Spencers outsider status on his contemporary art world made it possible for Stanley Spencer to fit into any easily defined genre or movement. Stanley Spencer uses a great deal of biblical imagery in his work, often with references to biblical events such as the resurrection of Christ or the last day, seen by Spencer not as a horrific world, but as a world defined and brought together by love and by sexual and orgiastic bliss. What is particularly unusual about Spencers paintings is the way in which he juxtaposes the two worlds of the everyday and the religious into a single painting the everyday world of Cookham, the village in which he was born, becomes rich with divine imagery and miraculous, religious Christian light. It could easily be suggested that Spencer was not anti-Christian, as many of his avant-garde contemporaries such as Matisse and Picasso were, but that he was almost as fervently anti-institutional. In Christ Carrying the Cross (1920), the image of Christ is jarringly juxtaposed with the bland and traditionally ordinary world of Cookham. Also, the appearance of Christ with his cross merely blends in with t he actions of other people there is another man, given equal compositional prominence as Christ, who is carrying two sets of ladders behind Jesus. The mixing together of ordinariness and extraordinariness is further highlighted by the house, where people lean out. The curtains that flap out of the windows give the appearance, but the appearance only, of wings, suggesting that the people in the house are angels. This juxtaposition could be seen as both philosophically radical Christ is rarely seen in art as an ordinary figure, or one that could be assigned ordinary characteristics and also, judging from the immediately quaint surroundings of Cookham, as inherently traditional. By using his surroundings of Cookham and by combining grandiose biblical imagery and the everyday, Stanley Spencer manages to be both a painter of the avant-garde tradition, yet also one that is firmly attached to the traditional methods of portraying biblical imagery. Kitty Hauser suggests that: Spencer has painted the curtains so that they seem like wings, transforming the figures into angels at the moment that Christ walks past. But these figures are not quite angels, any more than the curtains are angels wings. Instead, just at this moment, they are both human and divine.[1] Indeed, it is this mixture between sublime and mundane, between the everyday and the miraculous, that Spencer draws upon heavily in his uniquely personal work. In Spencers wartime paintings, the mixture between biblical and everyday are used to similar effect, suggesting to the onlooker that divinity and divine love is everywhere, so long as we have the strength to look for it. In Patient Suffering from Frostbite (1932), a large man is seen nursing a victim of the Great War: the pails carried by the ward orderly miraculously transform him into a ministering angel, as they take on the appearance of wings.[2] So, it could easily be read that, according to Spencer, the lessons to be learnt from Christianity are no t that of obedience and subservience, but are that heaven is possible in the everyday, that love and God are essential components of the reality in which we all live. In Reveille (1929), mosquito nets erected by the war workers could be easily seen as death-shrouds, angels wings or winged insects. Stanley Spencers interpretations of the paintings are also important, as his writings offer insight into the deeply subjective and personal layers of meaning which he draws upon in the paintings. He suggests that the characters on the right of Reveille are announcing the Armistice, and that the mosquito nets represent a kind of chrysalis, from which the people will emerge into a world dominated by peace and by love. According to Hauser, Spencer does this in order to show the interpenetration of heaven and earth, where ordinary objects combine and momentarily take on a numinous appearance, without losing anything of their ordinariness.[3] Thus, it is this interpenetration that, in a sense, makes Spencer extremely hard to define as an artist of that particular period. Although he took on many of the concepts of dominant post-impressionist artists (Gauguin is a stylistic influence, for instance, with his paintings of simple, round figures and the displacement of biblical themes onto a fairly ordinary world), he also pushed them further. Spencer could also be seen as being akin to Symbolism, by assigning everyday objects a greater meaning, but their actual purpose in the paintings for instance, the mosquito net is never not a mosquito net in Reveille can be interpreted as something more divine. Thus, Spencer is both a visionary in the sense that he approached, subjected and challenged the central issues of Christianity, the conflict between human and divine, but he also did so in a way that would challenge the viewer into interpreting the world around him differently. By refusing to place anything with actual divine properties into his work by simply taking Christ an d putting him in the context of an ordinary scene in Cookham; by taking the idiom of realist, war painting and organising it in such a manner that suggests biblical qualities, Spencer is in turn subverting the standard views of dominant ideologies as the avant-garde of the period sought to achieve, but also did so in a way that didnt threaten compromise his position as a British, village painter or indeed a painter of commercial landscapes that he used to make money from in order to continue painting his more artistically advanced work. In Shipbuilding on the Clyde (1946), Hauser suggests that: the various labours of welders, burners, riveters and riggers were choreographed by Spencer into a sequence of images in which the mundane tasks of the factory-worker take on an epic, almost religious aspect.[4] Indeed, the presence of the Inferno certainly can allude to Dante, and the ways in which all workers conjoin in harmony, tugging on a piece of sheet metal, suggests a certain unity i n human endeavour that, considering the nature of Spencers other work, could also arguably allude to a greater theme of universal love and harmony. In Spencers sexual period, he becomes more akin to the more controversial and challenging aspects of the avant-garde of the time, challenging assumptions about the institutions in which we live, albeit in a slightly less aggressive and extroverted manner than say, the Surrealists or the Futurists. But in his more overtly sexual (and visionary) work, he paints a unique and very idiosyncratic view of Christianity, more akin to the 1960s sexual revolution than to the traditional and stuffy world of religion and churches. Spencer failed to see how Christianity and monogamy needed to be intertwined, and believed that sexual ecstacy was a means of achieving heaven on earth. His visions of the last day were again juxtaposed onto the quaint and pastoral landscape of Cookham, and the orgiastic rites of the last day were catapulted onto the village green in Cookham. In A Village in Heaven (1937), the last day is seen as a time when all sexual and social difference will disappear and all will l ive under the world of God and of love. Everybody, people of all ages and social status engage in orgiastic bliss. All body types, ages, races, genders are combined. And the fact that it engages with religious themes makes it all the more controversial. Hauser suggests that: Spencer could not see why orthodox Christianity should be so puritanical about sex. At his most enthusiastic, he saw sex as an essential part of his religious vision.[5] Indeed, in his personal life, the bigamous relationship he indulged with both Hilda Carline and Patricia Preece got him into serious trouble with the establishment, and eventually forced him to break from the Tate Britain at the time. Sunflower and Dog Worship (1937), plays on the even more controversial themes of bestiality. Dogs lick men and men lick them back, suggesting a bestial play between the two. However, the transcendent quality of love and sex reach their metaphorical apex in Love Among the Nations (1935), as vehement an anti-war stat ement that has ever been imagined. In this painting, world leaders and people from different cultures and social groups engaged in orgies regardless of social background. Hauser suggests that: Love Among the Nations (1935) is an extraordinary image in which physical love breaks down the barriers between representatives of the nations of the world. Spencer himself is represented in the painting: two nubile half-naked Africans pull on the buttons of his tweed jacket, with amorous intent.[6] Thus his Christian vision of love transcends racial boundaries, and in turn suggest that he is not so much anti-Christian, but remains anti-institutional, in the sense that it was the structural corruption that caused war among nations, rather than the inherent flaws of humanity itself. This juxtaposes the radical view of his religion, and the uncompromising vision of religion and sex combined in his orgy scenes with his position as quaintly optimistic about human nature and about the nature of lov e that allows us to see him as an optimistic innocent caught amid religious dogma that dominates the essential message of Christianity namely that God is everywhere, and for everybody, that heaven on Earth is a possibility, and that this is to be achieved through the expression of love through sex and unrestricted copulation. Of course, this view remains controversial and radical even today, and, arguably this presents a view of Christianity more akin to Paganism than to the practically constructed versions of Christianity practised at the time and since. Stanley Spencer manages to juxtapose opposing views by presenting a vision that is so eccentric, that it is easy to regard him as an outsider in the art world. His vision of sex and religion, as placed in the everyday certainly labels him as an avant garde pioneer in some respects certainly his views were controversial at the time, especially considering his place as a villager, and the placing of his biblical narratives in the small town of Cookham. His religious views are reconciled to some extent by their idiosyncracies, and their glaring difference from orthodoxy, which may save him from any criticism regarding their political or ideological importance. Indeed, the innate subjectivity of the artists work tends to subvert the original message, as people tend to regard his paintings, and the optimistic light in which they are drawn, as harking back to the Romantic vision of the painter as recorder and of the medium of painting being more important than the actual subject matter. C ertainly, religion had an impact on the view that Spencer was a village innocent his placing of biblical scenes, along with the more conservatively executed landscapes, the dead paintings that he did for money, certainly describe the landscape of Cookham in quaint terms, and with an air of realism that other modernist painters tended to ignore. Hauser suggests that: Cosiness was what modernist painting all too often lacked.[7] Certainly, Spencers work jars with the harsh and abstract world of modernist painters, insofar as he regarded his work as layered with a certain sense of personal meaning. Gormley suggests that: Spencers position is radical. If the modernist trajectory was concerned with the development of perceptual language that, in order to be objective and finally sublime, ended up by being anonymous, he stands for the absolute subjectivity of the artist as a point of view (recorder) and a point of experience.[8] Indeed, the subjectivity of Spencer allows him to reconcil e his role as a quaint village Romantic with the more avant-garde elements of his subject matter. Spencer tended to regard form less as a means for experimentation than most modernist painters tended to. For instance, the play with texture and form as seen in other modernist artists like Picasso have no role in Stanley Spencers artwork. In fact, judging from the last unfinished piece that he produced, and the bitpiece, painting-by-numbers style with which his work was being painted, his paintings seem more architectural than singular. His Church House project, which was something he was working on as a testament to his life with God, the relationships hed drawn between sex and religion, certainly provided Spencer with the ideal blueprint with which to direct his work, even if the grandiosity of the architectural vision tended to complicate and stifle his desire to experiment. Also, his need to make money from his landscapes tended to subvert his overall vision, and thus tends to put him more in the category of low art, or popular art, as opposed to the high art of modernism, which in turn, problematizes his connection with the avant-garde, and places him more in the tradition of Romantic or quasi-Impressionist painter. Overall, Stanley Spencer was a religious painter, insofar as his works are littered with references to biblical imagery, and took heavily from the Pre-Raphaelite and the classical modes of religious painters. Of course, this conservatism would definitely place him in the Neo-Classical school far away from the avant-garde of the time, and, at best, as a competent but essentially uninspired village painter. However, what is original about the paintings of Stanley Spencer was that he provided through his paintings and his writings, an insight into his unique world view, and speculated controversially that religion and orgiastic sexual practices neednt be kept separate. Both in his actual life and in his paintings, Spencer attempted to demonstrate his vision that monogamy neednt be synonymous with God, and also that the biblical vision of God and heaven was easily attainable, and available in the everyday world. In his selection of Cookham biblical paintings, Spencer synthesises biblica l imagery with everyday imagery, and this desire to perceive the transcendental and the heavenly in the everyday was a subject that he stuck at for his entire artistic career. Hauser suggests that: Spencers early paintings of biblical subjects still have the capacity to startle and enchant, fusing mythical narratives with specific and apparently unremarkable locations. [] This concatenation of biblical and local produces some strange effects.[9] Indeed it is this mixture, done in a subtle, rather than an ostentatious and baroque fashion, that makes Spencer unique, and it is his blending of normal events with divine events that gives these works their redemptive power. However, Spencers opinions on Christianity are fairly unorthodox, if not completely unique, and it is this uniquely religious angle that allows us to entertain certain notions that Spencer was avant-garde, and revolutionary. Certainly, Spencer failed to fit into any other genre or category of painter around at the time , and his seclusion as an artist, away from the establishment, certainly allowed him to entertain his highly subjective vision as an artist. Structurally, Spencers work remains quite conservative, and his later work especially reflects this conservatism, as he worked exclusively to construct The Church House. His work during the 1950s loses the intensity and the warmth of his previous work, and certainly there was an element whereby Spencer was simply painting by numbers rather than generating pieces based on actual inspiration or the desire to experiment. So, it is definitely the controversial religious content that tends to mark him as an avant-garde pioneer, but it is much. Certainly, to Spencer, Cookham and biblical imagery are interlaced, but it would be difficult to see his controversial religious views being popularly held in the small, conservative home county village where he drew inspiration for his work. Certainly, the village and the divine are intertwined in Spencers wo rk, and, arguably the rural quaintness of his free love concepts have granted his work a fresh popularity in later years. Although it is easy to see the avant-garde concepts behind his work, it is more difficult to reconcile the effects of religion on the notion that Spencer was a village innocent certainly, his sexual paintings of village green orgies seem anything but what is traditionally held as innocent. Bibliography Hauser, K., Stanley Spencer, Tate Publishing, London: 2001 MacCarthy, F., Stanley Spencer: An English Vision, Yale University Press, Washington DC: 1997 Tate Gallery Liverpool, Stanley Spencer: A Sort of Heaven, Tate Gallery, Liverpool: 1992 1 Footnotes [1] Hauser. K., Stanley Spencer, Tate Publishing, London: 2001, pp. 35-6 [2] ibid. p. 66 [3] ibid. [4] ibid. p. 69 [5] ibid. p. 44 [6] ibid. p. 50 [7] ibid. p. 29 [8] Gormley, A., Cookhams Present, from Stanley Spencer: A Sort of Heaven, Tate Gallery, London: 1992, p. 7 [9] Hausen K., p. 33

Iron Curtain

Q. 1: what did Churchill mean in May 1945 by the term â€Å"Iron Curtain†? A. 1: When Churchill stated â€Å"An Iron Curtain is being drawn upon their front. † He means that during 1945 when the war was over, he was talking about an imaginary line drawn between communism in the East and the democratic governments in the West. This was to prevent more fighting over the systems; Churchill knew that the Soviet Union were dangerous. Churchill wanted the allies to get to Berlin and take it before the Russians would.He claims in his speech â€Å"Nobody knows what Soviet Russia intends to do in the immediate future. † This shows he knew they were a threat he just didn’t know when they were going to pounce. By making this â€Å"Iron Curtain† it would provide safety. Q. 2: what happened to the Iron Curtain countries of East Europe? A. 2: The Iron curtain countries included: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugosla via.The actions taken in these countries were: in Bulgaria the communists executed leaders of other parties. In Czechoslovakia the USSR purged civil service, Security Police moved in. East Germany: industrial machinery and resources were moved to the USSR. The scientists and technicians moved to USSR. More actions were taken in other countries, the whole strategy of different countries had changed, this speech was inspirational and made countries feel like they could be independent instead of relying on others.Q. 3: Explain Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s â€Å"Iron Curtain Speech† A. 3: Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s speech was weird, Stalin didn’t really state the truth and made up figures to make people feel sorry for him, how USSR had been hit harder than any other country. This was the reason why Churchill was suspicious of Stalin because he wasn’t being truthful; he had become more independent more powerful so his response to the s peech mad Churchill even more suspicious. By Massimo Furness

Principles of Learning David Robertson

As the Course Lecturer for the Automotive Department at Newcastle College it is my duty, and end, to guarantee that the basic underpinning cognition ( both practical and theoretical ) of Motor Vehicle Engineering is delivered to the pupils of the section so they may fix, either for City and Guilds scrutiny, or employment in a local motor vehicle constitution. Many weighty volumes have been penned with respect to the annoyed inquiry of Learning Theories in instruction, their supposed benefits, and their effects upon larning and whether they exist as separate entities at all. However, before any decisions can be arrived at, an apprehension of the assorted theories, their chief supporters and their consequence upon larning will necessitate to be grasped. After a casual probe into the single theory I will follow up with my ideas as to the deductions in relation to my peculiar country of instruction. Prior to this analysis it is necessary to supply an overview of the acquisition manners presently used in the field of Education These manners fall into three groups: A/ Cognitive- In the Cognitive manner pupils gain theoretical cognition through the airing of information normally in a category based environment. This is extremely relevant to drive vehicle technology as the topic is inherently complex. B/ Psychomotor- In the Psychomotor manner pupils are required to show a scope of practical workshop based accomplishments. This is critical in that the topic is one that demands a grade of manual sleight. C/ Affective- In the Affective manner pupils learn how to carry on themselves perform and follow the right attitude in a workshop environment. This is merely a instance of endurance ; a workshop is a potentially unsafe topographic point to be in. All of the above manners are, to changing grades and dependent upon the lesson in inquiry, employed in the theories listed below. Learning theories, or rules of acquisition, have been developed ( sometimes over decennaries ) and honed to better the instructors apprehension of the procedure of pupil acquisition. Therefore, instructors require an apprehension of these rules, which highlight countries where pupils are most likely to associate to, and so learn from. These rules include the Fieldss of:CognitivismBehaviorismHumanitarianismGestaltSocial LearningWe as instructors, sometimes without cognizing it, be given to accommodate our manner of bringing to suit these rules subconsciously. However, with an apprehension of these rules combined with a background cognition of the pupils themselves, such rules, as listed above, could good better the manner in which a lesson is delivered, and so, accordingly, better the acquisition of the pupils.CognitivismThe group of educationists, known jointly as the Cognitivists, among whom are the noteworthy figures of Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner and Lev Vygotsky topographic point major accent on the pupils themselves and how they get, and mentally organize, the cognition they gain, in consequence how they â€Å" know † the universe around them. The over all procedure is a complex system of unseeable mental activities working together to bring forth a nett addition in understanding. Basically, it is about thought, deriving cognition, retrieving and concluding. Pioneering work in the field of cognitive development was chiefly done with kids in an effort to understand how they learn, so cognitive development can be viewed as the growing of logical thought over clip ( state as the kid matures ) and with due mention to the scholars environment from childhood to adulthood. Professor J.Bruner termed this as a signifier of â€Å" scaffolding † , whereby an grownup would bit by bit take the support built up around the kid ( or older scholar ) as they become more able to understand, or maestro, a peculiar undertaking. The Russian Marxist Philosopher Lev Vygotsky nevertheless ( working in pre WWII Russia ) , given he is in the Cognitivist cantonment, did non utilize the staging theory at all, alternatively he developed a parallel theory called The Zone of Proximal Development in which the scholar is at the Centre of a group of homocentric circles, with what is already known at the Centre and what is to be learned radiating out in rings. The overall construct is that the scholar, with aid from either older kids or grownups, moves ( via direction ) from the interior countries to the outer thereby deriving cognition and proficiency. This is reinforced by Reece & A ; Walker who province â€Å" Students do non simply receive information, but actively make a form of what it means to them † . ( Reece & A ; Walker 2003 p86 ) In the Cognitive attack to instruction, cognition is viewed as symbolic and as the overall consequence of larning while larning itself occurs through the repeat of a peculiar undertaking. The pupil is encouraged and motivated to experiment, from which they will hopefully deduce a sense of accomplishment. With mention to my learning the Cognitive attack is clearly apparent, and so it lends itself ideally to the country as job resolution and experimentation ( for illustration reiterating a undertaking until proficient ) is a major tool in the assessment procedure of my scholars. An illustration of this is when a peculiar pupil listens to my verbal bringing, so understands the construct and eventually remembers the solution to a job ; besides if they can hold on the logical thinking behind the job so they will hold fulfilled all four standards for cognitive acquisition. They can so come on and utilize this maintained cognition to work out other, more complex, Motor Vehicle Engineering inquiries. The of import thing to retrieve is that my scholars are non inactive in this state of affairs, but originative in footings of what the instruction and acquisition agencies to them, they are active participants in the acquisition procedure, utilizing their cognitive accomplishments to understand a fresh state of affairs.BehaviorismAs Curzon ( 1997 p36 ) states â€Å" Behaviourism arose as a reaction to larning being interpreted as mere mental operation † . The Behaviourist attack to acquisition is based on a chiefly nineteenth century construct that following a scientific attack to the survey of human existences, and their responses to outside stimulations, may good supply an penetration into how people learn. It was to a great extent influenced by animate being experiments ( a front-runner of many behaviorists ) which demonstrated the consequence on encephalon forms of controlled conditions and stimulation ; it was further argued that this could be carried over to worlds. The Russian Physicist Pavlov ( 1849-1936 ) is best known for his experiments with Canis familiariss. Basically, he linked a specific sound with the proviso of nutrient which caused the Canis familiaris to salivate. After some clip he discovered that the mere sound would do the Canis familiaris to salivate, so reenforcing the theory that a stimulation based response was taking topographic point in the Canis familiaris. However when this was carried over to conditional human responses the ability of worlds to utilize linguistic communication to pass on â€Å" muddied the Waterss † slightly as this accomplishment interfered with pure inherent aptitudes based responses. He concluded that worlds have fewer inherent aptitudes than animate beings ( or instead the 1s we had have been eroded by development ) hence human behavior is governed by conditional responses. He besides believed that mental phenomenon could be dealt with objectively and scientifically when it is seen as discernible and mensurable behavior. John B Watson was another chief advocate of the Behaviourist school of idea in relation to human acquisition. He thought that behavior could be modified through the actions of assorted stimulations upon the individual and that, as a effect, the person in inquiry could be â€Å" conditioned † through these stimulations to bring on a alteration in behavior so prima to larning taking topographic point. In my instruction I use the procedure of giving feedback as a signifier of encouragement, and sometimes dispute, whether it is in the signifier of verbal congratulations, following a direct inquiry aimed at a peculiar pupil or in a written mode after measuring an assignment. I have found that positive feedback from me will take to better future work, and an increased degree of assurance, from the pupil. So in this manner a stimulations based response system is productive in my field. Positive feedback is an about guaranteed manner of bring oning larning in a pupil but this has to be tempered by the times when I have to be critical of the work of a pupil, it is a equilibrating act, on my portion, to happen the right degree of stimulations ( feedback ) to promote a pupil without detering them by being excessively critical. Sometimes a critical feedback study from me is designed, and worded, to advance a response in the peculiar pupil as if I am throwing down a challenge to them to better.HumanitarianismThe Humanist acquisition rule, or Humanism, grew out of a sense of dissatisfaction with other larning theories, particularly Behaviourism. The humanistic Psychologist Abraham Maslow ( 1890-1970 ) believed a scholar ‘s physiological demands, safety demands and the sense of belonging to a group had to be fulfilled before the motive to larn was realised, and his now celebrated ‘Hierarchy of Needs ‘ pyramid high spots this in item, runing, as it does, from the basic demands of nutrient and shelter at the base up to self-actualisation at the vertex. Maslow confirmed this, as quoted by Curzon ( 1997 p121 ) who states that â€Å" instruction has the undertaking of assisting each individual to go the best that he is able to go † . Among his beliefs were that scientific psychological science was inherently unfertile and dehumanising, he argued that people should be viewed as whole human existences and that the function of the instructor was to assist, rede and steer the pupil towards understanding. The basic needs nevertheless ( at the base of the pyramid ) are chiefly issues beyond the instructors ‘ control. However, Kyriacou ( 1998 p72 ) states â€Å" the increasing consciousness of the importance of furthering students ‘ ego regard has been a major development over the old ages † . This holistic attack to instruction pioneered by Maslow was shared by Carl Rogers who proposed that larning should be student find led. Building upon the consensus that pupils retain about 5 % of instruction delivered strictly by talk and that they retain a great trade more if the pupil finds out, or discovers, the information for themselves. Rogers called for the â€Å" humanization of the schoolroom † in order to make the ideal environment for acquisition. In relation to my learning the humanistic attack to acquisition has the undermentioned deductions: The demand to put the room environment in a mode contributing to larning ( so at least trying to carry through Maslow ‘s most basic demands ) for illustration warming, illuming and chair agreement to name but three is non ever possible for logistical grounds. I need to move as a facilitator, or conduit, through which pupil acquisition can happen. In other words become a resource for the pupils to use and work. There is a demand to integrate my ain experiences of the topic into the lesson bringing, but some of my â€Å" narratives † loose something in the relation. All the clip non burying that I am the instructor and the pupils are at College to larn through my direction so at that place will necessarily be a certain grade of farness on my portion even if merely for the fact that I can ne'er be a portion of the group wholly, there is, and has to be, a limit line between instructor and pupil. For this ground entirely ( if no other ) the Humanism theory of instruction is one that I do non favor in its classical complete sense. However parts of it I can, and do, utilize for illustration I find it benefits most groups if I adopt the â€Å" older brother † ethos on occasion instead than ever portraying the distant instructor.GestaltGestalt ( from the German for structured form ) is the school of educational thought concerned with following an overall position to acquisition, in other words the whole is greater than the amount of the single parts. Gestaltists believe that understanding demands consciousness, on the portion of the pupil, of th e relationship between assorted facts and how they interrelate to bring forth an overall image. Previous experiences in the life of the scholar will assist to lend to the procedure of apprehension, but the existent procedure of thought is more of import than mere callback. Understanding, harmonizing to Gestaltists, is based upon a procedure known as Insight. Insight is non a lucky conjecture, arrived at by mere opportunity, but is when a pupil all of a sudden becomes cognizant of the solution to a job ; the â€Å" light bulb above the caput † or the â€Å" penny dropping † seems to sum up the state of affairs absolutely. Something that, on the surface, is an bete noire to repetitive or rote acquisition. It is fundamentally the gaining, or acquisition, and keeping of penetration, by the pupil, that is at the bosom of the theory of Gestalt. Besides the choice and retrieval of information is indispensable if other, new constructions of perceptual experience are to be created. The thought is that the instructor must construction larning during the lesson so that scholars reach an overview, detect inter-relationships, and can therefore pattern independent productive thought. In the world of my mundane learning the whole construct of leting the pupil to come across the correct reply by penetration is to state the least impractical. Faced with a group of Motor Vehicle pupils fighting to hold on the complexnesss of the internals of a auto engine and stating to them that the reply will come if merely they had insight is unusually brave of any teacher Lashkar-e-Taiba alone me. This may good work on a one to one footing when I, the instructor, have the clip to give but with a big category, of changing ability, it is a non-starter in footings of a instruction scheme.Social LearningBesides known as the Social Cognitive Theory, this peculiar field of involvement narrows in on how people learn in a societal context or, in other words, the procedure whereby people gain cognition through societal interaction either by talking to, detecting, or following the illustration of another individual, or group of people, in a societal ( or vocational ) scene. An illustration of Social Learning ( that most people will hold undergone ) is when a new employee is inducted into the ethos of their new employer. The innovators of Social Learning Theory ( among whom are the honored figures of A. Bandura, J. Lave and E. Wenger ) propose that the group state of affairs is ideal for breeding larning via the persons in that group working together to accomplish a common end. Inevitably, in any group, there will be a broad assortment of anterior acquisition or experience but it is this really diverseness that is the strength of this peculiar theory. Because a diverse scope of people are â€Å" thrown † together in a group state of affairs this requires them to speak, interact, communicate & A ; acquire involved in the job in inquiry hopefully taking to a solution to the job and bring oning a alteration in behavior ( larning ) in the persons. Because the group have a inquiry to reply this is the foundation upon which duologue is built and, as Lindeman ( 1926 p86 ) says: â€Å" Active engagement in interesting personal businesss furnishes proper stimulations for rational growing † . In my instruction I use the Social Learning attack rather frequently. I find that a group work state of affairs will normally be more productive in footings of retained larning than a talk based bringing manner. I see myself as more of a ‘facilitator ‘ than a ‘teacher ‘ in these Sessionss, by steering the pupils towards accomplishing larning by their ain, co-operative, attempts. I simply lay the foundations for the session by presenting certain inquiries and so ‘taking a spot of a back place ‘ as it were, all the clip monitoring advancement. At the terminal of the allowed clip for the exercising I will draw together the ideas from the disparate groups hopefully reenforcing the acquisition that has taken topographic point and rounding up any accomplishment in the session. Of the instruction theories illustrated above I have found that I personally favour the Cognitivist attack ; it has good deductions for my instruction, it lends itself ideally to the instruction of Engineering although the other theories are, to changing grades, helpful ( except Gestalt ) depending upon the peculiar acquisition activity in inquiry. Understanding the assorted larning theories can be utile, if non indispensable, in integrating different learning methods into the lessons. I recognise that over clip I teach, and deliver in, all of the larning countries nevertheless, concentrating on the most appropriate country ( and pupil larning manner ) should assist to better the success of my instruction.

6 Dos and Don’ts for Answering “Why Should I Hire You”

6 Dos and Don’ts for Answering â€Å"Why Should I Hire You† In an interview, few questions can throw off a candidate’s poise like the simple, â€Å"Why should I hire you?† After all, it seems redundant. What have you been talking about this entire time, if not the reasons why the company should hire you?! But while it may seem like a filler question, it’s one you should definitely pay close attention to answering. Here are 6 things to keep in mind as you prep for your interview.DON’T panicThe question isn’t a trap designed to trip you up and take you down. It’s a legitimate question that asks you to demonstrate why this job, specifically, is a great fit for you. Take a deep breath if you need to, and make sure you keep up the same tone you’ve been using throughout the interview.DO understand why the question is askedThe interviewer isn’t being lazy, or outsourcing the hiring decision to you; she or he is trying to find out if you can answer well and coherently after the conversational ba lance shifts a bit. After all, you’ve likely been fielding questions about yourself. This question asks you to jump perspectives and see yourself from someone else’s view.DON’T take too long to answerHemming and hawing makes you look indecisive- or worse, like you’re scrambling for reasons the company should hire you. You may merely be trying to phrase the answer in a sophisticated way, but any gap between question and answer looks bad. Have an answer ready to go before you even set foot in the interview. It’ll make you look confident and able to think on your feet- two qualities tested by this kind of question.DO research ahead of timeWhat does this position/company need? And how can you fill that need? Articulating that is the key to answering this question. Ahead of time, familiarize yourself with the job description- but don’t stop there. Look up the company in general, particularly their mission statement. It’s a win if you can c asually answer the question with something along the lines of, â€Å"I know that ABC Widgets is looking for someone to take their marketing in new directions that fit with ABC’s commitment to sustainable widgeting, and my 8 years of hands-on widget experience show that I have the connections and creativity to get this done.†DON’T rehash the entire interview up to this pointThis is not a question where you need to go into a detailed list of your education, your previous jobs, and your 4th  grade award for neatest desk and how it foreshadowed your awesome organizational skills. The interviewer was there. (Well, not in 4th grade, but for the earlier part of the interview.) He or she doesn’t need a recap, but rather a reassurance. Think highlights, not blow-by-blow: focus on one or two points that make you especially well-suited to the position.DO be confidentLike every other interview question, the interviewer wants to see that you feel comfortable fieldin g questions about your qualifications and your vision for the job.You know they should hire you†¦now it’s time to make sure they know why.