Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and The Social Pressures of Adolesc

Although we live in modern times, stigmas regarding gender identity cease to exist. These biases are prevalent in spite of appearance various cultures. Male and female adolescents are stifled from expressing themselves based on how they personally relate to their own femininity or masculinity and sex roles. The make out of this constriction of emotions is due in large part to theseyoung people being coerced into obeying the rules of society. In addition, societal constructionsseem to totally disregard the physiological and biological aspects of adolescent puberty. We acquire sexual orientation and gender identity during adolescence due to puberty, culture and our surrounding environment.For instance, puberty takes place over several years in which physical growth and psychological changes occur, concluding in sexual maturity. The aver period onset of puberty is atage 10 or 11 for girls and age 12 or 13 for boys. Physiological changes in body composition, theindividuals height and weight are some of the most significant parts involved in pubertal maturation. Boys develop an adams apple, girls begin their menses, and the growth of pubic hair begins to surface. These changes are influenced by hormonal activity. Hormones play an organizational role, preparing the body to behave in a certain way once puberty begins. Puberty begins with hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. This is triggered by the pituitary gland which secretes hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction. The male and female gonads are subsequently activated, which puts them into a state of rapid growth and development. The testes primarily release testosterone, and the ovaries predominately rel... ...hy T. F. (2005). The Search for the homophile Gene. Brittish Medical Journal. 330, 7498, 1033-1036.National Mental Health Association, (2005)., What Does Gay Mean. . retrieved April 10, 2012, from http//www.nmha.org/whatdoesgaymean/whatdoesg aymean.pdfRegan, C. & Fogarty, K. (2010). Understanding Sexual Minority Adolescents. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Vol. 1. retrieved April 10, 2012, from http//www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy749Volpicelli, J. & Szalavitz, M. (2000). Recovey Options The Complete Guide, How You and Your Loved Ones Can Understand and Treat Alcohol and former(a) Drug Problems . US & Canada John Wiley & Sons, Inc..Ward, E. G. (2005). Homophobia, Hypermasculinity and the US Black Church. Taylor & Francis Group, Vol. 7, No. 5. retrieved April 11, 2012, from http//www.jstor.org/stable/4005477Watson, J. B. (2008). Behaviorism. Tuscon, AZ West Press.

Monkey, the Novel Essay -- parallels Monkey humans

Monkey, the NovelMonkey is created by the author as an individual entity that resembles the characteristic of an ordinary human being. It is quite obvious that the audience would better get a line the idea hidden in the literature if the characteristics of the protagonist are closely related to those of the reader. In Monkey , the author carefully parallels the traits of Monkey to the lives of human beings. thusly why does the author portray so much resemblance between Monkey and human? The authors approach in attracting the audience by using symbolism successfully accomplishes the intention in the novel.All humans feel a need, a hunger for the things that benefit their way of living. Monkey well symbolizes many ordinary humans in this world. Monkeys life represents a journey that reflects the lives of most human beings. From the beginning of the novel, Monkey expresses hunger that is overpowered by greed. Similar to human beings,Monkey first seeks knowledge, then power, and final ly enlightenment. Monkeys arrogance brought by greed is displayed when he proclaims, why do you not state down to me as your king? . Monkeys desire to acquire more than the apparent limit is more understand sufficient to the audience, because human beings are able to empathize with this greed felt by Monkey.All people fight with human nature to demasculinise the natural phenomenon that occurs in life. In comparison, Monkey struggles to alter nature by demanding immortality. H...

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay: Pauls Facade -- All Quiet on th

Pauls Facade in All Quiet on the Western Front   In Erich Maria Remarques wise All Quiet on the Western Front, Paul Baumer paints a vivid picture of the horrors of war. Many of these horrors are purely physical, such as the constant bombardments and gunshots whizzing overhead. hardly along with these physical horrors come mental and emotional ones. Chief among these is the war mindset that the soldier must acquire in order to survive war. The m any of this mindset is the total disregard for human life, and with it, human beliefs and customs. War requires a suspension of these standard human beliefs and customs. Paul outwardly appears to have acquired this war mindset, only if he does not internalize it and thus eventually dies.   For the most part, Paul at least outwardly appears to have adopted the war mindset. His actions are precise much those of the typical soldier. For example, Paul, like all the other soldiers, will do anything he can for food. He is well accustome d to relieving himself out of doors Here in the open air though, the business is entirely a pleasure. I no longer understand why we should always have shied at these things before. They are, in fact, provided as natural as eating and drinking (8). Most of all, he values his survival above social customs We have lost all sense of other considerations, because they are artificial. Only the facts are real and important for us. And good boots are scarce (21). For Paul, as for most soldiers, the rules of normal, polite society plainly do not apply at the front. In the time between Pauls volunteering for the war and the beginning of the book, he has changed. For all the physical evidence, he is a general foot soldier.   But Pauls transformatio... ... Paul wanted to get out of the war. Maybe Paul died on the right day he loves quiet, and he dies on by chance the quietest day of the whole war. Maybe he just wanted to end his misery. In any case, Paul cannot accept the philosophy of war and thus gives himself up for death.   Society wants soldiers to believe that war is glorious. But it is not. Society wants soldiers to believe war is an adventure. But it is not. Society wants soldiers to believe that our enemy is the only enemy, that our cause is the only cause, that our plenty are the only people. But there are many enemies, many causes and many peoples. According to Paul, all these causes are equally ignoble, and none of these enemies are laudable of being slaughtered en masse. For Paul, as for many people, past, present, and future, war is simply unacceptable, and nothing can repair the damage it does.

Keyborading And Info Processing Pg 57 58 :: essays research papers

1.Mindy left her coat here. Can she stop by for it?2.Do you plan to go today? The game begins at four.3.I wrote to Mr. Katz, but Miss Dixon sent the form4.Do you know if Luic and lex Bauner are with br. Tu?5.The Beau Monde Singers testament perform at Music Hall.6.Lennox corp. now owns the Hyde Park athletic club.7.Did you ask if the OEA contest is to be on Friday?8.Dos FBLA meet on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.9.August was very hot, but folk is rather cool.10.they are to sp destination July and august at Myrtle Beach.Page 581.Script is copy that is written with pen on paper2. repeat that is written poorly is often hard to read3.Read script a few words ahead of the keying point.4.Doing so will help you take in copy free of error 5.Leave propend Page 591.Kacy and Zo may visit their parents on labor day 2.Gus asked if Memorial Day comes at the end of May.3.The Fourth of July horns the Americans Revolution.4.Bastille bay is in honor of the French revolution.5.When you were in Nev ada, did you visit Hoover Dam?6.Did he see Paris from the top of the Eiffel tower?7.Val host through the black hills in South Dakota.8.We canoed down the Missouri river near Sioux City.9.Jemel lives at bay towers near Golden Gate Bridge.10.our store is now in midtown plaza on Kenwood road.Page 631.Rough compose is keyed copy with handwritten changes.2.Special marks are used to show changes to be made.3.First read a sentence noting changes properly.4.Next, check to see that you made.5.If not correct your work or key the sentence again.6.Read rough draft slightly ahead of the keying point.7.Doing so will help you to make all the changes right.8.You soon will key often from script and rough draft.Page 63Straight CopyNo matter what form the copy tacks, keep the eyes on it as you key. If you look away from the copy, you will lose a second or two. If you look away too often your speed will upchuck by a word or two.Script intend you eyes on the copy now and keep them there as you key th is copy. Be quick to recognize looking away will drop you speed.Rough draftRead script and rough draft with real care to avoid a Major error in keying. Read a little ahead of where your keyingThe quiz on the 18th will be on pages 11 to 18 and 81 to 88.The quiz on the 18th will be on pages 11 to 18 and 81 to 88.

Matsushita Electronic Industrial Essay -- essays research papers

Matsushita Electronic IndustrialPham ThachExecutive summary Matsushita Electronic Industrial (MEI) is a truly successful fellowship in both Japan and the global in the seventies and 1980s. MEIs success in this period came from its diversification of productions, empowerment national market, unique corporate culture, and divisional structure in both municipal and international market. However, in 1987, nether new circumstances, such as the change Yen prices, and the pressure of integration of information technologies that need international transfers, sharing, and synergies, MEIs faced declines in sales and profits because its structure was exposed nigh weakness. To overcome these problems, MEI should choose Worldwide Product Division Structure.Matsushita Electronic Industrial (MEI) was established in 1918 by Konosuke Matsushita to produce a double-end socket in Japan. This company grew rapidly, in 1977 MEI was praised by Fortune as the most dazzling corporate success in Japan, and then ranked 20 on Fortune list of the worlds largest by 1985. In the 1980s, MEI became the worlds largest producer of customer electronics product, and the forth largest electrical and electronics firm in the world with the compounded annual sales growth and annual growth in net profits was 11.6 percent and 14.6 percent, correspondingly. The success of MEI in the mid-seventies and 1980s is contributed by its global strategy in which, its diversification of productions, dominance domestic market, unique corporate culture, and divisional structure in both domestic and international market. Contributing to MEIs rapid growth and consistent profitability in the highly competitive world consumer electronics industry in the 1970s and 1980s was its diversification of productions. Originally, MEI only produced double-end sockets, then its list of products was unceasingly expanded. MEI introduced various of products to markets battery-powered bicycle lamp and an electronic iron (1923), radio (1931), home(prenominal) fans and light bulbs, small motors for domestic appliances, then appliances (1935), black and white TV sets (1952), transistor radios (1957), stereos, tape recorders, air conditioners (1958), driers, and disposal unit (1959), color TVs, dishwashers, electric oven (1960). In term of the numbers of its products, MEI outdistanced its competitors. MEI grew rapidly and gained consistent profitabil... ...mashita initiated Operation Location and Action 86 programs to exchange more activities to its vast oversea operation, and shift its business emphasis. However, some subsidiary managers worried that this program could weaken their relationship with headquarters managers and reduce their access to central resources and expertise. Some managers were afraid that by deemphasizing traditional products, the company might lose its competitiveness in its existing market, and its capabilities in responding quickly and flexibly to market changes, change Matsushitas culture and philosophy, undermined its source of strength. However, under new circumstance, the traditional structure were exposed these flaws mentioned above, and its impact was the decline of MEI sales and profits. To be a firm that was reasonably diversified and, accordingly, originally had domestic structures based on product divisions, MEI could apply Worldwide Product Division Structure. By that, MEI could easier to pursue the consolidation of value creation activities at key locations necessary for realizing location and experience curve economies, and to transfer of core competencies within a divisions worldwide operation.

Matsushita Electronic Industrial Essay -- essays research papers

Matsushita Electronic IndustrialPham ThachExecutive summary Matsushita Electronic Industrial (MEI) is a very sure-fire guild in both Japan and the global in the 1970s and eighties. MEIs success in this period came from its diversification of productions, dominance interior(prenominal) market, unique corporate culture, and divisional structure in both domestic and internationalistic market. However, in 1987, under sore circumstances, such as the change suffer prices, and the pressure of integration of information technologies that need international transfers, sharing, and synergies, MEIs faced declines in sales and profits because its structure was exposed some weakness. To thrash these problems, MEI should choose Worldwide Product Division Structure.Matsushita Electronic Industrial (MEI) was established in 1918 by Konosuke Matsushita to produce a double-end socket in Japan. This company grew rapidly, in 1977 MEI was praised by circumstances as the most dazzling corporate suc cess in Japan, and then ranked 20 on Fortune list of the terra firmas largest by 1985. In the eighties, MEI became the worlds largest producer of customer electronics product, and the forth largest electrical and electronics firm in the world with the compounded annual sales growth and annual growth in net profits was 11.6 percent and 14.6 percent, correspondingly. The success of MEI in the 1970s and 1980s is contributed by its global strategy in which, its diversification of productions, dominance domestic market, unique corporate culture, and divisional structure in both domestic and international market. Contributing to MEIs rapid growth and consistent profitability in the highly competitive world consumer electronics industry in the 1970s and 1980s was its diversification of productions. Originally, MEI only produced double-end sockets, then its list of products was unceasingly expanded. MEI introduced various of products to markets battery-powered bicycle lamp and an electroni c iron (1923), radio (1931), Domestic fans and perch bulbs, small motors for domestic appliances, then appliances (1935), black and white TV sets (1952), transistor radios (1957), stereos, tape recorders, air conditioners (1958), driers, and disposal unit (1959), color TVs, dishwashers, electric oven (1960). In end point of the numbers of its products, MEI outdistanced its competitors. MEI grew rapidly and gained consistent profitabil... ...mashita initiated Operation Location and Action 86 programs to shift more activities to its vast oversea operation, and shift its origin emphasis. However, some subsidiary managers worried that this program could weaken their relationship with headquarters managers and reduce their access to central resources and expertise. Some managers were afraid that by deemphasizing traditional products, the company might lose its competitiveness in its existing market, and its capabilities in responding quickly and flexibly to market changes, change Mat sushitas culture and philosophy, undermined its source of strength. However, under new circumstance, the traditional structure were exposed these flaws mentioned above, and its impact was the decline of MEI sales and profits. To be a firm that was reasonably diversified and, accordingly, originally had domestic structures base on product divisions, MEI could apply Worldwide Product Division Structure. By that, MEI could easier to pursue the consolidation of value creation activities at spot locations necessary for realizing location and experience curve economies, and to transfer of core competencies within a divisions worldwide operation.

Performing a cable installation Essay

When performing a cable installation, there be a dower of things that you have to put into consideration. First, you command to draw up a plan. Some things that you would want to include in the plan would be where your telecommunications rooms are located, what is the outmatch from your leased line to your core highroadr, and what type of cable are you going to be using for your backbone and horizontal lines. The first thing shouldnt be cost when you are designing a meshwork. You want to think of the safety and how your meshing will function with different mediums of cable. These things are important because your network has to touch on the pauperisations of the company. You also want to make sure you have things in place like what type of fire protection your network will have. You want to make sure your racks in your telecommunication rooms are grounded properly. Without these things your network will not be very safe. You want it to be useful hardly you dont want to lo se everything in a telecommunications room because you failed to plan ahead for accidents that can happen.Once you have your plan intact and it has been approved you need to think about how you are going to buy off this cable in the building. What types of tools are you going to need? If you are going to run regurgitate 5e though out the building you will need several different tools such as cable pulleys, punch downs, wire cutters, and cable strippers. You will need just about of these tools to install your cable into your building. There will be a few different tools you will need if you are putting cable into a preexisting building. You may then need a fish tape or fiberglass push pole. It really depends on the type of job you are going to be doing and what type of cable or fiber you are going to be working with. This will determine what tools you will need to get the job done correctly and safely.If you are at a worksite and dont have any wire strippers you could also use a shave blade knife to strip the jacket off the cable. It is something that will work if you dont have any strippers handy. But of course this is not the most employ method to strip cable. It will work if you need it right then.All the things that I have talked about are important because it will doyou to make sure you have a plan that covers everything. You not only need to think about cost but safety as well. straighten out sure you have the right tools for the right job. Also make sure your measurements are correct cause this could also make or break your network plan.DefinitionsWall plate it is the plastic or metal plate that screws into the wall. It has some sort of connector, usually coax, rj11, rj45, duplex receptacle, or fiber optic. This is where the device plugs into the wall.Connector a device that joins two pieces of cablingCrossover cable A crossover cable is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LANs (local bailiwick network) in which the wires on the cabl e are crossed over so that the receive signal pins on the RJ-45 connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the RJ-45 connector on the other end. NIC A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network HUB An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater or hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. Bridge A device used to connect two separate Ethernet networks into one extended Ethernet. Bridges only forward packets between networks that are bound for the other network.Term used by Novell to denote a computer that accepts packets at the network layer and forward them to another network Switch A switch is a multi-port network bridge that processes and forwards data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the O SI model. Some switches have additional features, including the ability to route packets. These switches are commonly known as layer-3 or multilayer switches. Router A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, commonly specialized hardware. This creates an cut through internetwork, as a router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks.Infrared (IR) Infrared (IR) is a wireless mobile technology used for device communication over short ranges. Radio Frequency RF is any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF original is supplied to an antenna, anelectromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. Many wireless technologies are based on RF field propagation. Microwave A series of microwave repeaters, spaced up to 50 miles (80 kilometers) apart, which relay messages over long distances using highly directional microwave beams.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) System Potential Threats and Measures Taken to Protect It

Since the early 1980s, discipline applied science have improved and revolutionized every aspect of our lives. We use information technology to do our daily chores like shop and reading the latest global news at the comfort of our living room. It replaces old challenges with new possibilities. However, one of the areas that had evolved to this new demand in information technology but rather in a slow phase is the health rush industry. Todays healthcare includes hospitals and private clinics.A lack of an effective counsel of data about a disease and the treatment for saving lives can be put at risk. In previous years health check examination information was stored only on base and in one location, usually a patient roles primary care physicians office or medical exam institute. People tend to reincarnate to a different area or country, thus making it difficult to transfer piles of paperwork and medical records to every point of medical design which a patient is seeking treatm ent.It is even much complex when to the highest degree patients visit more than a single physician or an foot and the process of creation treated by a different number of nurses, consulting specialists, diagnostic technicians and administrative staff. Paper-based medical record systems are also adding the unnecessary expense to a medical institution. Registration clerks, nurses spend precious time away from patients attending to huge piles of paperwork. This adds up an enormous financial burden inclusive for the storage of the medical records and wages for the administrative support staff.Miss-kept or missing medical records adds to the lost of precious time and can lead to unnecessary or duplicating of clinical tests. However, until recently, role of information technology has increased and become prominent part of the healthcare industry. Many large hospitals and private hospitals have made the transition from old-school paper medical records to EHR, Electronic Health Record frame. Early stages of an EHR System were base on a simple side but have advance tremendously. Now EHR System is Web-based which are plan of attackible across net whole kit and utilizing GUI, Graphics User Interface for interactivity.Web-based EHR are easy to use, have the capabilities to organize and link information, strong multimedia presentation capabilities, works on most hardware platform and operating system in the market which communicate through the Internet and provide access to medical records utilize web browsers and web technologies. Jamie R. Steck(1998), Director of IT from the Central Utah Clinic stated that Efficiency has increased dramatically. We did an in-motion study in our records room, which showed that filing electronically is 80 percent more efficient than filing manually, and weve seen proof of that on a daily basis. Study shows that EHR is more efficient than the normal process of filing the paper-medical records. Health institution of numerous sizes fa ces many demands and challenges when making the transition from paper records to EHR. Healthcare institutions are working hard to reduce their reliance on handwritten records. EHR has improved patient care through greater and quicker access to patient information thus reducing medical errors due to paper-records. It also significantly reduces test result and patient wait-times with a faster and more efficient workflow.It also reduces record-keeping time thus decreasing paperwork for administrative staff. EHR establish a better information and improved communication theory in a medical institution. It reduces the possibility of misplaced and lost records thus ensuring the patient record test results are available when needed. It reduces cost on paper and supply. But just as much as its ancestor, EHR are subjected to secrecy violations. Today, healthcares systems in developed countries are changing dramatically. These countries are looking into more cut-price communication means us ing the internet to achieve a more efficient and high quality EHR.With the increase of health care system on information technology, we must also look into the increasing number of threats resulting from distribution and the implementations of the EHR System. Patients and doctors are aware of the security requirements base upon the system with the usage of communications all everyplace open and insecure ne cardinalrk such as the internet. There are concerns over the privacy and security of electronic health information and they fall into two general categories 1. concerns about inappropriate releases of information from individual organizations 2. oncerns about the systemic flows of information throughout the health care and related industries National Research committee (1997, p. 54) The first category can result either from an authorized users who intentionally or unintentionally access or distributes information in violation of the institution policy or from hackers who bre ak into a institutions computer system. The second category refers to the open disclosure of patient health information to parties that whitethorn act against the interests of the patient or may also be alleged as invading a patients privacy.EHR stored at medical institution are vulnerable to internal or foreign threats. Internal threats includes authorized system users or medical personnel who abuse and misuses their privileges by accessing information for inappropriate reasons such as viewing their friends, neighbors, colleagues or to leak information to the press for spite, revenge, or profit. External threats or wildcat access, which is related to the open architecture of Internet, sometimes by vindictive former employees, angry patients, network intruders, hackers or others may steal information, damage systems, or disrupt operations.Till today, there have been soft amounts of evidence to gauge the exposure of EHR to external attacks as there are still no tools for detecting attacks on EHR in the healthcare industry. In a case reported by Marbach, William D. (1983), so-called 414 group broke into a computer system at the National Cancer Institute in 1982, although no damages were reported. Study by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Computer Security Institute (CSI), CSI Director Patrice Rapalus(1996, p. 2) said, The information age has already arrived, but most organizations are woefully unprepared . . . making it easier for perpetrators to steal, spy, or sabotage without being noticed and with little culpability if they are. Set of laws are being introduced for patient record privacy put strict demands on healthcare providers to protect patient information while using EHR while sharing the information with other patients. Six principal(prenominal) factors are fair play, dependability, availability, confidentiality, authenticity and accountability. Patient records involves very sensitive data, which should only be disclosed to authorize us ers, thus confidentiality of the required data is essential.Integrity and availability of the operate are also important. To accomplish the desire measure of information system security, a range of security policy models have been proposed and implemented in healthcare. angiotensin converting enzyme of the most widely use of security policy being adopted by medical institutions to protect patients information in a EHR System is the design Based Access Control policy. Role Base Access Controls (RBAC) is the common policy being used in an ERH System. These include two basic types of access control mechanism that are used to protect data which are discretionary access control (DAC) and mandatory access controls (MAC).DAC is very supple thusly it is not suitable for protection of health records. MAC on the other hand is stricter, allowing ample space for flexibility and it requires all users handling the records to follow a set of normals administered by the system admin. RBAC in EH R System should have the advantages of both DAC and MAC. With the RBAC approach, EHR System should adopt the roles and the authorization management in its system. In RBAC, it identifies which staffs in a medical institution are authorized to view a patient medical record. It restricted the data from being abuse or falling to the malign hands.Each and every medical staff in a medical institution are assigned a specific role and operates the EHR System accord to their role. Medical staffs are only allowed to view patients record that they are allowed to access. Not all data are being revealed to the every role. G. Pangalos(1998) states that EHR System identifies the following roles in its system 1. Patients. They have access to their own health institution, personal and demographic data. 2. Physicians. Main Users of EHR System. Make diagnosis, admissions and treatment. Act on behalf of patients. 3. Doctors. amenable for the laboratory tests and evaluation results. 4. Nurses. Respons ible for providing daily care to patients. Dont need to know any sensitive personal patient data. 5. Other Healthcare Professionals. Responsible to perform treatments for suit psychiatric consultation. 6. Administration. Responsible for collection of the administrative, social, personal and non-personal demographic and insurance information about the patient. 7. Local authorities. Specifically Government bodies have access to health records for search or investigation purposes and any sensitive personal data will not be reveal. Department of Health and Human Services (1998), in the proposed rule for security and electronic standards, .. each organization that uses communications or networks would be required to protect communications containing health information that are transmitted electronically over open networks so that they cannot be easily intercepted and interpreted by parties other than the intended recipient, and to protect their information systems from intruders trying to access systems through external communication points. (vol 63, No 155)As of the statement above given by the Department of Health and Human Services, all information that are sent over the internet must only be accessed by authorized receiver. Todays technologies allow users to prove their authenticity and with data encryptions allow data to be transmitted safely over the medium. Data encryption should be at a satisfactory level of security to protect against intruders, thus data integrity have been compromised. User authentication must also be present with the encryption and data transmission process to ensure that the data sent are received by authorized receiver.Other than data encryption, a good firewall should also be implemented on the database server to avoid external intruders from accessing unauthorized data. Although these policies and counter measures are being implemented, unauthorized data leakages do still prevails. Medical records of celebrities and famous people are sought after by the media somewhat world. This is due to the interest of people and money. So patient plays a part in protecting their own medical records. They have to put their trust in the medical institution where their records are being kept.

Christmas Celebration Essay

As Christmas arrives, instead of just opening presents, my family celebrates it by throwing a sportswoman and exciting checky. The events we plan are way to thrilling than any run-of-the-mill Christmas celebration because its our familys tradition. For example, each year we make American style food and Vietnamese food, open presents under the Christmas tree, flow at the eat table, and sing Most of my family members could not control their excitement and have broken one of the familys traditions of opening presents by age. While we do celebrate Christmas manage any other family does, we tend to celebrate it differently each year to change it up.Opening presents under the Christmas tree first, helps organize everything from causing chaos. Most of the judgment of conviction its our last event because its worth the wait, but most of us cant help and take a peek at ours first. My family open presents uniquely different than other families because we wait for our turns. Our family h as a tradition of opening of opening presents from youngest to oldest. We have been following this tradition for as long as I can remember. While, waiting, its hard for me to watch because I get extremely impatient, Im always at the couch watching TV.Next, we hear over to the mall Christmas tree and take a Chinese red envelope filled with money. The envelope contains bills that vary from $1,$5,$10,$20 and $50. This is the most exciting part after opening presents because who wouldnt want to test out their luck? I have the worst luck when it comes to picking an envelope absent the tree. either year, I always get $1 bills or $5 bills This changed last year, when I hit the jackpot and won $50 Overall everyone not scarcely receive presents, but goes home with money in their pockets. After opening presents and selecting our red envelopes off the tree, we take family pictures.The first picture is always serious because it has to be perfect. My cousin Michael, and I try our best to hold in our laugher, but we never successfully do. If the first shot isnt perfect or if we burlesque around, then we all have to stand there until a perfect picture has been taken. After that we change into our Christmas sweaters and take silly photos. Nobody ever wants to collect just serious Christmas photos in the family scrapbook We take silly pictures to make it a fun and rum experience. Next we head over to the dining table to eat as more than food as our hearts desireLast, we brace ourselves again, for the serious karaoke competition This is my favorite part of the day because its always funny to watch people mess up the lyrics. Each year, the competition gets more and more competitive people take it way too seriously My auntie thinks she is better than everyone else, but to our ears, that isnt true. My aunts and uncles always fight over to see whose turn it is to go next because they honey to have fun and show off their skills. When its my turn to sing, I remain calm and t ry my best to get a good score. Singing in chorus in spunky school for two years really pays offAnyway, we all compare our scores at the end of the competition to see who wins a gift display panel to any store of their choice. The thing is, not everyone goes home empty handed. Everyone wins a gift card too, but those dont hold as much money as the grand prize. My familys Christmas celebrations are the best Its great to see everyone having fun for once, rather than arguing about problems I love the aura that everyone gives off with the smiles and laughter in the atmosphere Its the only time of the year where everyone can relax without causing any uproar. Overall, my Christmas celebrations are fun moments that I look forward to each year.

DBQ: Slavery Essay

In the 1840s slavery was very common because of the booming cotton application in the south, slaves were cheap and skillful, and there were plenty of them to go around, because the reason the southern economy relied on them so heavily. However, because the northbound was economically sound and economically more advanced than the south, they saw the wrong behind slavery. thralldom in the south was so common that southerners began to grow used to the idea of slaves, and thereof placed most of their economy and way of life on that of a slave filled state. They saw slavery as an opportunity for the African Americans to make a life in America. In all respects the console of our slaves are greatly superior to those of the English factory operatives, or the Irish and continental peasantry, to say nothing o the millions of paupers crowded together in those loathsome receptacles of famished humanity, the public poorhouses. . . .From this excess of labor party, this actual want, and th ese distressing cares, our slaves are entirely exempted. (Document A) Because southerners felt that what they were doing for and to slaves was beneficial for the southern and slave communities they saw no wrong in what they were doing, and therefore had no reason to stop slavery. When slaves worked on a plantation they had free health care, housing, and food, all things that were necessary and cost money, something that African Americans would not have had a lot of if they had come to America as immigrants. During that time there was still racial stereotypes and judgment, white land owning Americans thought of themselves as superior to African Americans and many other minority races that immigrated to America. African Americans would not have been taken seriously in the south even if slavery had not existed, they were a minority, and to the south minorities were the motherfucker beneath their shoes.Because the souths main staple crop was cotton, and cotton was not a cash crop, the use of slaves made cotton prosperous. The south relied on slave labor to make money out of cotton, with slaves working the fields for little to no pay, most of the money made out of the cotton industry was circulated through the white landowning male community, which made up a very stupendous majority of the south. slave labor being so cheap, and a large amount of slaves could be acquired at one time, made it easy for the south to place everything on slaves and cotton. William Harper in a Memoir on Slavery, 1837, verbalise that the cultivation of the great staple crops cotton cannot be carried on in any portion of our country where there are not slaves. This statement shows that slave labor was the largest contri moreoveror to the southern economy during the 1830s, and therefore a reason to fight for slave labor.In a speech that Abraham Lincoln gave in Peoria, Illinois in October f 1854 he stated that In our greedy chase to make profit of the Negro, let us let us beware lest we ca ncel and tear in pieces even the white mans charter of freedom. This statement was a warning given by Lincoln, he thought of slavery as worthless and unsuited to Americas growing industrial and manufacturing industries. Hinton Helper, in The Impending Crisis, 1857, had a similar view on slave labor in the south, but a different idea on how ti abolish it. What about Southern commerce? Is it not almost entirely tributary to the commerce of the North? Are we not dependent on New York, Philadelphia, Boston,and Cincinnati for nearly every article of merchandise, whether foreign or domestic? Where are our ships, our mariners, our naval architects? . . .We must stimulate to feed on a more substantial diet than that of pro-slavery politics. Helpers book The Impending Crisis was banned in the south and used as anti-slavery propaganda by republicans in the north. He believed that landowning white men in the south who did not own slaves were the key to the abolitionism of slavery, but he was also racist end-to-end The Impending Crisis. In the above quote he states that the norths economic prosperity comes from the reliance on ports and major cities Slavery was the souths main source of economic prosperity, therefore the south would have done anything to keep slavery alive. However, the north did not believe in slavery because it was unjust and unneeded. Abolitionists fought to destroy slavery, but the south fought to keep it alive.

From Relative Isolation to Global Involvement Essay

At the time of the Spanish the Statesn War the linked States went from coitus isolation to increased global engagement because of 1. The spirit of the American spate captured by the idea of the frontier and, 2. The belief it was the employment of America to maintain quietness of all nations. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American Society was 3. The clashing views of the imperialist and anti-imperialist parties.America first took a step towards greater valet involvement due to 1. The effects of the frontier on the American spirit. In 1893 Fredrick Jackson Turner delivered the idea of The Significance of the Frontier in American History, to a gathering of historians. According to Turner, the frontier was the air travel of most rapid Americanization.1 The idea of the frontier as explained by Turner looks at the constant front end westward by the Europeans who came to America. It speaks of the time from the first arrival until the time when on that po int is no longer a frontier line, and how the nation essential as the movement westward continued. Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe, not simply the development of Germanic germs, any more than the first phenomenon was a case of reversion to the Germanic mark.The fact is, that here is a rising product that is American. At first, the frontier was the Atlantic coast. It was the frontier of Europe in a very real sense. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American.2 As the Americans ventured westward each new move past a frontier was developed on trials of the one before it. Whereas most of the time expansion would be met by other people whom have conquered that land, this was not the case for America, which provided it with a unique opportunity. It was then brought back to the primitive stage as each frontier was advanced upon, giving source to new forms of government and institutions. The movement of the frontier unt il there no longer was a line was the main cause of Americanization as America quickly boom out and developed its own ideals apart from that of its mother nation. Americans quickly fell in love with the ideas that they had set in place and started to form imperialistic ideals that it should begin to expand its mercantile raises elsewhere into the world.As American enjoyed continued expansion and development it was then led to greater world involvement due to 2. The belief that it was the duty of the American people to maintain peace in the world. As time progresses from the days of Washingtons presidency to the time of Theodore Roosevelts presidency we canvas an important shift in the unconnected policy of the United States. In Washingtons Farewell Address he warned of the involvement in foreign affairs stating, a passionate attachment of one nation for another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common intere st in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars of the latter without adequate inducement or justification.3 This was the common thought of the time and it was once again exemplified in the Monroe Doctrine during President Monroes annual message to the Congress in 1823. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so.4 These thoughts of covering neutral from partaking in foreign affairs remain forefront for the most part up until 1905 when Theodore Roosevelt made a Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. At this point in time we see the shift in American thought process that it is there duty as a nation to intervene on world affairs in a peaceful way as to gain ground the welfare of all. It also goes on to speak of how if other countries are not acting in a moral way that it wo uld be the responsibility of the American people to intervene in the fashion of an international police. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized companionship, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may rend the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.5 These three important historic documents launch the shifting foreign policy of America as a nation leading up to and shortly following the Spanish-American war.The consequence of this increased world involvement on the American societywas 3. The rising debate over imperialistic ideals and anti-imperialistic ideals. A major turning point in the ideals of Americans was the mastery of the Philippines. It was regrettably that McKinley was forced in to war through exaggerated newspaper articles that caused much uproar in the American society and provided a final push towards the United States entering war with Spain. Following the war President McKinley was quoted as saying When I next realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I confess I did not hit the sack what to do with them And one night late it came to me this way1)That we could not give them back to Spain- that would be cowardly and dishonorable 2) that we could not turn them over to France and Germany-our commercial rivals in the Orient-that would be bad business and discreditable 3) that we not leave them to themselves-they are unfit for self-government-and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spains wars and 4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by gods grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for who m Christ also died.6This caused much debate in the American society and while many agreed that it was the duty of the United States to do as McKinley said, others argued that this imperialistic way of acting was not at all in line with the foundations the country was built on. This was the start of the Anti-Imperialist League. The Anti-Imperialist League argued that imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free.7 They believed that the imperialistic ideal was directly attacking the ideas that were the backrest of the nation for such a long time that it was a crime to believe in them and practice them. Although there was much debate over these topics, America continued onward with its expansion in the years to come.

Evolution and growth of Muslim society Essay

Although Islam spread rapidly in the world as soon as it surfaced in the world, but it established its foothold in the Indo-Pak Sub-continent in the ascendent of 8th Century A.D. It was during the rule of sixth Umayyad caliph, Walid salt away Abdul Malak (705-715 A.D), when an overarching incidence of ship looting occurred near Debal, a sea port. The ships, carrying widows and children of deceased Arab soldiers, sent by the queen of Ceylon (present day Sri-Lanka) to the Umayyad Governor, Hajjaj bin Yousef, of Baghdad were ransacked by a contingent of ferocious Hindu pirates. Hajjaj sent his emissary to the Rajput king, rajah Dahir under whose jurisdiction the pirates carried place the loot. The raja bluntly turned down the Governors claim said the pirates were not under his sway. Hajjaj decided to send the young Imaduddin Muhammad bin Qasim to indoctrinate the raja a lesson and release the pris mavenrs. Muhammad bin Qasim was the ruler of Faris when he was called back by the Gov ernor. Muhammad bin Qasim then led a glorious Muslim forces and invaded Sindh in 712 A.D.During his short stay in Niran he was reinforced by four thousands Jats who were long subdued by the self-righteous king. Raja Dahir came with his 40,000 soldiers along with contingents of elephants. However, the Raja killed in the battle field and his demoralized army retreated. Muhammad bin Qasim not only released the prisoners along with the looted ships but also established Islamic bon ton/rule in Sindh. Qasim continued to expand the Muslim society beyond Sindh. He marched up to Multan where he defeated Raja Gor Singh. During this time several(prenominal) changes occurred that make his expeditions slow down and finally put a halt. Hajjaj bin Yousef had been died in 714 A.D and, within months administrative changes wrought in Damascus. Walid bin Abdul Malak was replaced by his brother Suleman bin Abdul Malak (715-717 A.D).The new ruler was extravagantly luxury loving and quite incompetent fo r the accession to the throne. Suleman called off the best Generals from around their respective destinations and through intrigues executed them one by one. These Generals brought laudable victories to Walid. They included Qutaiba bin Muslim, the conqueror of Turkistan Tariq bin Ziad, the conqueror of Andalus Musa bin Nasir, the conqueror of North Africa and Muhammad bin Qasim, the conqueror of Sindh. Muhammad bin Qasim was died languishing in the prison at the ageof just 22. He was replaced by Yazid bin Kabashi.Qasims rule, though short, is marked by the historians as marvelous and magnificent. He gave jutting the local population scourged by the extra judicious rule of the erstwhile rajas in general and Raja Dahir in particular. Furthermore, he espoused inter-religious harmony and brought prosperity and smashing governance in the areas under his domain. Italian scholar F. Gabrieli said Present day Pakistan, holding the values of Islam in such a high esteem, should determine up on the young Arab conqueror, Muhammad bin Qasim, almost as a distant Kistes (founding father), a hero of South Asian Islam. With the passage of time rule of Umayyads finally evaporated in 750 A.D. They were succeeded by the Abbasids. The Abbasid rulers time after time sent their governors in the Sub-continent. According to Ibn Haukal, who traveled extensively through the Arab domains around the middle of the 8th Century, particularly mentioned the affluence of the people of Sindh.Moreover, during the rule of Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur (754-775 A.D), scholars from the Sindh were welcomed at the court of Baghdad. In the north Islam was making inroads from Afghanistan into the north-western region of Pakistan. Islamic missionaries were actively spreading their faith among the tribes. Due to derelict Abbasid ruler, who acceded to the throne later on, lost sway over the territories of the Sub-continent at the end of 9th Century. In the 10th Century Turks invaded the Sub-continent through renowned Khyber Pass. The most important of them was Mahmud of Ghazni, the son of Sabuktagin the slap-up General. Mahmud ruled the sub-continent from 997 A.D. He wanted to expand his rule across India and attacked seventeen times in this regard. He was a great warrior. He cut the influence Hindushahi Kingdom being prevalent in India. He became known as an Idol Breaker after the destruction of Somnath temple. However, he died in 1030.Mahmud name Khusru Malik as the governor of Lahore. However, Khusru Malik was killed by the Ghoris headed by Muhammad Ghori and paced their empire around 1185. Muizz-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam, known as Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri is among the one who played a paramount role in the establishment of Muslim rule, especially in North India. He defeated the fearsome army of Prithvi Raj Chauhan in 1192 in the second battle of Tarain. He had has the citation to establish the first Muslim in Delhi. In 1206, Ghori had to travel to Lahore to crush a revolt.On h is way back to Ghazni, his caravan halted at Damik near Jehlum. He was killed while offering his evening prayers.From 1206 to 1526 A.D Delhi Sultanate rose to power. It is believed, however, that the period of Delhi Sultanate was politically turbulent but the Muslim society under the Sultanate period flourished at a great length. Sufism also made it way during this era. He is aptly called as the founder of Muslim Empire in Indo-Pak Sub-continent. Mughals, led by Zaheer-ud-Din Babar entered India in 1526 A.D and remained in power, though nominally, till 1857. The Mughal epoch is particularly known as the period of Muslim architecture, literature and gave a boost to religious reformists and saints such as dude Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Walliullah, Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Ganj Shakar, Nizam-ud-Din Chishty, etc.Islam left profound effects on minds of people of the Sub-continent. Islam completely changed the living standard and style of thinking of the people of the Sub-continent. The Muslim soc iety gave a welcome fillip to the cultural, economic and, social development in the Sub-continent and boosted inter-religious harmony as well. Turks introduced Persian language which intermingled with Arabic and other local languages gave birth to several new languages including Urdu. Though the Muslim society experienced ups and downs throughout the history, yet it yielded positive effects on the minds of people at large in Indo-Pak Sub-continent.

Applying an Ethical Theory on Assisted Death Essay

Life is a beautiful gift from God, death comes after demeanor. conclusion is meant to come without nonice, Theres a saying you never know when its your time to go . Should superstar need a decision to oddity his or her livelihood, to terminate pain and surviveing private road by a severe troubleness? Physician assisted death is an outgoing dispute passim the world, bity will never come to an agreement on. Philosophers explain m either different theories that are utilise to determine logic and reasoning beliefs. Deontologist states that its a moral duty to support and reassert life and assisted suicide should not be allowed. I agree with Deontologist point of view I look at it is immoral for a Physician to assist a patient in death. Throughout this essay I will examine the deontological perspective on physician assisted suicide.Deontological ethical theoryDeontologist argue to sustain a life is moral and is immoral to end a human life no outcome what the situation may be. It is grand to remember that deontologists do not deny that deed of conveyances have consequences their point is that those consequences should not play a role in evaluating the acts morality. Rather, deontological ethics focuses on the will of the mortal acting, the persons intention in carrying out the act, and particularly, the rule according to which the act is carried out. Deontology focuses on the duties and obligations one has in carrying out actions rather than on the consequences of those actions (Mosser, 2013). To make a decision to end your life derriere be caused by being pain and suffering .Another cause can be family or friends persuading by saying ending your life is the best way to relieve pain. Deontological theory believes Physician assisted is committing suicide because a life is ending and not being preserved.Many argue that a compromise is to pertain to develop drugs and other forms of palliative caretreatment that reduces sufferingto alleviate a termi nally ill personsanguish. usefulism ethical theory When given a choice between two acts, utilitarianism states that the act that should be chosen is the one that creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people(Mosser,2013). aided suicide will not create the greater number of happiness. Ending a life is never happiness loved ones are in pain to see a love one suffer and in even more pain to watch their life end. Both utilitarianism and deontology have certain advantages. Utilitarian calculations are, at least at first glance, fairly easy to devise and provide a restless way to evaluate the moral worth of an act. Deontology, on the other hand, has the appeal of being easily explained and develops rules that front to make sense and are also widely applied(Mosser,2013).I believe Deontology theory is c digest effective in assisted suicide, for example if a patient suffered for ten years with cancer and quintet doctors agree to contraceptive diaphragm tre atments, but two doctors are willing to continue treatment ,Utilitarianism theory would stop treatment because the greater number rules. Deontology theory would evaluate whats the best decision over all. blessedness comes from the heart, there are many different programs design to help the severe ill one is hospice,The hospice strawman emphasizes the reduction of end-of-life suffering and promotes death with dignity, and it has thus become an increasingly attractive option for those who resist endorsing PAS (Mosser, 2013). It is important that all medical staff and professional properly analyzed a patient for making a decision end of life intervention.Assisted suicide requires strict specific steps to follow, In operating theater PAS is legal. The patient must be a resident of Oregon and must have 6 or less months to live .Patient must also consent verbally and give written notice to end life. Although the patient is giving more than enough time to make the decision to end their life, ending your life is a bias choice, life is precious. Pain and suffering can be temporarily why make a choice that God has last say so to.Physician-assisted suicide cause love was to lose faith it will also prevent doctors from taking extra steps to save a life. Miracles snuff it on a daily basis, a blind man can vision is now clear, the man who once was in a wheel chair can now run faster than he ever could .I am a firm believer that God has all power to around any situation. Making a choice to end a life is never a choice of a human . Although many may not agree with Deontological theory, to sustain a life vsending a life is the moral way of life.ReferencesKant, I. (2008). Groundwork for the metaphysic of morals. In J. Bennett (Ed. & Trans.), Early Modern Philosophy. Retrieved from http//www.earlymoderntexts.com/pdfs/kant1785.pdf (Original work published in 1785).Mosser, K. (2013). Understanding philosophy. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc.Annas, J. (2006). Virtue et hics. In D. Copp (Ed.), the Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory (pp. 515 36). Oxford Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https//www.sesync.org/sites/default/files/resources/case_studies/10-kenyaecotourism- handbook.pdf

Microeconomics of Customer Relationships

schooling Microeconomics of customer Relationships ? Reading Microeconomics of Customer Relationships The fol low-toned is a critique and review of the reading of Microeconomic of Customer Relationships by Fred Reichheld. I will review the article and evaluate Mr. Reachheld. I will also take in economic theories into why and how I came to my conclusions. Overview on the Reading Microeconomic of Customer Relationships by Fred Reichheld is based on a simple survey based customer-relationship metric known as net-promoter score, or NPS.The NPS divides customers into terce categories based on the simple question, How likely is it that you would recommend us to a friend or workfellow? (Reichheld, 2006, pg. 73) Customers at the lavishly end are labeled promoters, because of their likelihood of loyalty and positive word-of-m come forwardh promotion. The low end of the spectrum is the opposite of the promoter and labeled a detractor. By quantifying the value the customers defy the com pany eject then devise action plans to solve problems, or expatiate growth. Evaluation of the AuthorFred Reichheld was very good at relating NPS in a practical and evaluative way. What I found most interesting in his analysis of NPS was the customer grid (Figure 1). Figure 1. Customer Grid. From Fred Reichhelds Microeconomics of Customer Relationships. (2006, pg. 76) Reichheld came to the conclusion that the upper right was the sink long-term priority. I completely agree with this conclusion. He then put the upper right and the start right as the next highest priority. He does make some good points, such as disconsolate word-of-mouth and high profits that could pick up ship and move on elsewhere.I, however, would put a higher(prenominal) priority in the upper middle section as long as this is a large corporation. A small business may very well need to stamp out the issues of the unsatisfied because they ratt afford the risk of losing base. In a large corporation, volume is vas t and needs to be satisfied. If you can find a way to get the middle column to the right, your NPS would rise. Conversely, if you male parentt satisfy the middle, or large volume customers, they could move to the left causing havoc. Netflix recently make a bold move of raising its prices 60% and split its services into dickens separate entities.This angered that middle column of subscribers that used Netflix, but didnt have strong opinions toward it. Netflixs stock prices have plummeted 26 percent this year(Randall, 2011). Netflix was counting on customer loyalty to prevail everyplace the increase in prices, but instead had a huge backlash. An example of a company that focuses on the right and the middle of their NPS is Apple. Apple has created a company with an almost cult like following. Apples NPS is 79% with only 2% detractors based on a 2008 survey by Satmetrix (Schofield, 2008).Apple has been genius at getting customers to the upper right section of the customer grid. It de veloped products to appeal to the hoi polloi. Criticism toward Apple has been their overleap of Adobe flash integrated into their iphones(Chen, 2008). This causes anger to the left sections of customer who want flash enabled devices. Apple could slowly try to appease this group and enable Flash, but because it views it as an unstable platform, it refuses to use it. Apple isnt as concerned about the haters as it is about those loyal to Apple, or those who are on the fence.Recent commercials have depicted Apple as more stable and fun to used than PCs, in an attempt to snap at that market with no brand loyalty. Economic Theories I do realize my examples for my discord with Reichheld on priority placed on the NPS is not for all market conditions and companies. There are many factors that can sway priority away from where focus was previously. The Netflix example, for instance, was based on a company who thought it had moderately of a monopoly, yet after it made its decision to rais e prices realized costumers left for opposite options such as Hulu plus and Blockbusters DVD by mail service.Netflix is now laboured to have its main focus on the left and pacify those who were angered. There is also supply and beseech to consider. When there is a high demand for a product and a limited supply, a higher priority needs to be set on the upper right because holding a high percentage of the market share when supply is low will keep customers when or if the supply is increase and you will need customer loyalty when new competitors are able to enter due to a lower cost of entry. ConclusionFred Reichheld wrote an excellent article breaking down NPS and applying it to business. I had a slight disagreement over his priority placement mainly because it is flexible to the situation and I would focus on the masses rather and a select few. The article was well written and very practical with easy to meet data. References Chen, B. (2008, November 17). Why apple wont allow ado be flash on iphone. Retrieved from http//www. wired. com/gadgetlab/2008/11/adobe-flash-on/ Randall, D. 2011, family 19). Nflx tumbles on qwikster announcement are netflixs best days behind it?. Retrieved from http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/19/nflx-netflix-stock-qwikster_n_970879. html Reichheld, F. (2006). The microeconomics of customer relationships. MITSloan circumspection Review, 47(2), 73-78. Schofield, M. (2008, April 10). Satmetrix benchmarks net promoter scores in four key industry sectors. Retrieved from http//www. reuters. com/article/2008/04/10/idUS191482 10-Apr-2008 BW20080410

“Health Disparities” in Uninsured Americans Essay

consort to (Kilbourne, Switzer & Fine, (2006), substantiallyness disparities be signifi washstandt differences that be fillight-emitting diode and viewed clinic on the wholey and statistically in wellness cargon and wellness outcomes. These differences between groups of people flock disperseake how lots an illness(disease) learn group affects, the human body of people who father gotten sick and how m whatsoever measure do this crabbed disease or problem ends up with death occurring. There ar a number of communitys that bathroom be affected by wellness disparities. ( Felton, (2013).Some of these differences arEthnic and racial minoritiesRural bea residentsThe elderly, children and womenPeople with disabilities. (Medline Plus.com., (2013).wellness unlikeness can also be defined as differences of populations in health care entree, environmental exposures, health status, choice or utilization and outcomes involving your health. health disparities are related gene rally to social issues and healthcare brasss. The worldwide web coming in existence in the mid 1990s also can lead to health disparities since some heathenish groups would non be subject to afford the internet. One of the objectives of Healthy People 2010 was to provide more(prenominal) internet services to the home. (Gibbons, (2005).Since this moot pass on be a decimal workplace it allow for counseling on the total number of uninsured or chthonicinsured Americans who didnt form health restitution policy by the end of 2012. Another focus of this reading willing be coming up with possible solutions to this growing trend in healthcare. In this direct we will also seek to discoer how the uninsured or underinsured individuals or families are world effected positively and negatively by gaining feedback from these individuals. There are several ways to obtain this feedback for this select in which we will be conducting surveys and questionnaires to get the answers we convey.These ways are the reasons why they do not draw insurance to determine how this may affect their access to care, to determine whether the cost of care is directly bear on the reason why these individuals may not be insured and in this study we requisite to move to find the problems, come up with solutions and look for ways to get rid of either barriers to persons so that they can find affordable health care policies. Since the affordable Care Act of 2010 is in effect we need to study how the introduction of a new healthcare law to totally replace the healthcare system that has been in place for years will effect uninsured and underinsured Americans. jibe to the article by (parkdatabase.org.,(2012). For the surveys we will be conducting our survey warnings will be coming from masculines and femaleswho are American citizens, all races or ethnic groups, 200 participants will be equally divided by gender. In holy crop to cover a wide variety of people that are creati on effected by health disparities in quantitative look usually will require a large sample size of it in order to quantify the query. (Felton, 2013).Background of the StudyThere are several factors that join together populations to influence persons health and health status which results into health divergence. According to the Healthcare Fairness Act of 2000 home Resolution 3250, populations that have health disparities suffer from poesy that are pregnant as it relates to the total ar site of incidence of disease, mortality, survival and morbidity when compared to the population in general. The close contributing factor to health disparities most often mentioned when watched in the United States population is Socioeconomic status (SES). Other factors related to health disparities entangle physical and cultural environment, lifestyle, working and living conditions, and community and social networks. Socioeconomic status can be defined as how persons, households, familie s, and aggregates and census contracts as it relates to the size to consume or create goods that our society values. (Shavers, (2007).The quality of healthcare experienced by our patients may be related to issues of contrast, socio-environmental determinants of health, practice variation, and substandard of care as scientific evidence seemed to show by the late 1990s. (Gibbons,(2005). Since Disparities in the United States can be caused by rather a mixture that is complex, historic injury intertwined with problems with access along with systematic quality. Health disparities have m any(prenominal) sides which include ethnicity, status, geography and race.For policy incurrs it is critically authorized to give meaning to the problem in the represent way to make sure any solutions that are remnant-related will be able to address the solutions reached. The ending is to provide health security for everyone no matter what your socio-economic characters are. Even though the United Stat es goal is to entirely get rid healthdisparities on that calculate will be efforts to become a part of a broader effort to miscellanea health care and by doing so, there must be focus on improving the quality of care delivered to patients individually first and foremost. (Frist, (2005).We can now ask the question, Why the study of health disparity should be pursued and for whom is the study important to? The study of health disparity should be pursued because if nothing else but to determine if the enquiry into health disparity will show any differences in organizational features that are specific. Furthermore the idea that organizational factors may play a significant role in health disparity has brought about more of a deep enquiry on the role of organizational cultivatees that are mutable when you look across the treatment setting. (Kilbourne, Switzer & Fine, (2006),Purpose of the StatementThe mapping of this study will be to test the framework that is conceptual that will cover health disparities in 3 phases.DetectionReducing and/or EliminatingUnderstandingThe survey will include 200 male and female divided equally on uninsured Americans adults 18 years and older to gain feedback on why they do not have health insurance. (Felton, 2013).Viable look into Questions and HypothesesWhat role if any how access to care directly affected your health status because you dont have health insurance?How has the cost of healthcare affected you individually, your familieshealth status because of no health insurance?How do you ideate your health status would change if you could afford health insurance?Do you think the new health care law will positively or negatively affect your ability to purchase health insurance?What factors do you believe are directly associated with the uninsured status as it relates to health insurance access? (Felton, (2013).HypothesesHaving no health insurance is directly impacting my access to care.Also the cost of care piece of music ha ving no health insurance is directly affecting my general health of me as well as my family.Also, if I had no cost for health insurance or low cost this would positively affect my health status as well as my family.With the Affordable Care Act of 2010 partially enforced, how do you believe this law will be directly associated with your uninsured status when it comes to access to health insurance. (Felton, 2013). disposition of the StudyDesignThe strengths of Experimental Designs look for correspond to the textbook, (Frankfort-Nachmias, & Nachmias, (2008), throws begins with the understanding of the 4 components of research design which are _comparison(correlation of two proteans), manipulation(control over), control, (removal of other factors(, and generalization(different settings, larger populations can be use)._ (Frankfort-Nachmias, & Nachmias, (2008).The strengths of experimental designs is it will help a police detective understand the logic behind all other research desig ns, other(prenominal) strength is that an experiment lets the investigator observe and draw inferences that are casual with less difficulty no matter what type of variable is used and it allows investigators to be able to understand other design limitations. (Felton, (2013).According to the author,( Bhattacherjee, (2012). The limitations of Experimental Design research can be in the world of experimentation, the situation in the real world may not always relate, in situations where you have to randomly assign the persons to groups this may be impossible and unethical and another limitation would be getting rid of variables that are extraneous may not even be possible. (Felton, 2013).According to textbook by, (Frankfort-Nachmias, & Nachmias, (2008). When I consider the quantitative research plan I am develop and my research questions, hypotheses, and variables, I would recommend the classic experimental design for research. The reason is my research plan involves, Health Dispari ties, which is a topic that can touch on several specific groups whether it be base on race, gender, insured, uninsured. In the classic experimental research design as the researcher you do have more control over the intrinsic and extrinsic variables for your research which is an advantage for me. Also in experimental design it allows the researcher to have control to introduce the variable that independent to help determine which direction the source is being led to.Since Health Disparities will need to cover several areas in order to be effective I feel that experimental research design offers me the best chance of reaching the goal of my research which are leash phases 1. Detection, 2. Understanding of the problem and 3. getting rid of or eliminating health disparities all together. ( Felton, 2013).Since there are so many issues that are affecting Health Disparities in our world today, I feel I need to claim a research design plan that offers flexibility to the researchers wh ich allows them to decently research theissue, look at all sides to the issues to help come up with valid and ethical conclusions. Also, since I penury to focus on uninsured Americans, just like me, and a hot topic in our world today, I will need an research design that will aid in my conquest to properly research this issue fully.iii. Instrumentation and materialsAccording to the authors, (Keppel, Pamuk, Lynch, Carter-Pokras, Kim, Mays, Pearcy, Schoenbach, & Weisman, (2005). S The levels of touchstone that will be important for my study in Health Disparities can involve at the nominal level, ordinal level and proportionality level. Health disparities can be thrifty consort to six issues that are between populations and groups1. a quotation point will need to be selected in order to measure disparity.2. Disparity need to be measured in either relative or absolute terms.3. Measurements for health disparities need to be in terms of adverse or favorable events.4. Health dispari ty needs to be measured in summary fashion or pair-wise.5. In health disparity you need to choose whether to weigh groups fit in to the size of the group.6. In health disparity there needs to be a decision whether to order the groups in a inherent way. (Felton, (2013).According to the textbook, (Frankfort-Nachmias, (2008). The nominal level will be important to my study on health disparity because at this level you can measure a different figure that will represent each symbol. For example ethnicity, gender, nationality, martial status, religion, and where you live.According to Messer, (2008). The ratio level is also another level of standard that can be used in my research study on Health disparitiesbecause variables at this level have fixed natural zero points and absolute because these variable can be based on length, time, weight and area. Frankfort-Nachmias, (2008). Ratio measurement are the most common level of measurement used in disparity due to the outperform of measure ment. At the ratio level when measuring disparity it can be used in both as an absolute measure as well as a level of ratio. (Felton, (2013).Validity in research is concerned with whether you are measuring what you in truth need to or intend to measure for your research. There are three kinds hardship in research content, empirical and construct lustiness.I will ensure content validity, empirical validity, and construct validity for my study in health disparity in uninsured Americans by first understanding what each of the three types of validity mean1. Content validity is when your measurements are actually covering all areas you are intending to measure. In other words, nothing is left out. According to the textbook authors (Frankfort-Nachmias, (2008). Under content validity we have what is called impudence validity or the researchers evaluation that is congenital in their research. Another content validity is called sampling validity which is concerned about whether the popu lation given in the research is sampled adequately. (Frankfort-Nachmias, (2008). Since health disparity covers a large area to be sampled, as a researcher I will have to find one area to focus on such as uninsured Americans, covering persons 18 years and older, male and females, all ethnic groups will all be a part of the sample. (Felton, 2013).According to authors (Hidalgo & Goodman, (2012). Empirical validity refers to the relationship that is between an agent that needs to be measured and the outcomes of the measurements. Construct validity relates the issues you are measuring to theoretical framework that is general. In disparities research it will be important to treasure the standard criteria needed for the research to do what it is intended to do, especially if you are employ different populations. In some cases, questionnaires may be needed to create validity in the study, but not in all studies. If in your disparitiesresearch for uninsured Americans, where things like ra cism, race, ethnic groups which are considered constructs that are social can be hard to measure. (Felton, 2013)According to the article from (Active Campaign, (2009). In order to ensure validity in my research using content research which will be requiring all areas in my research I desire to cover as it relates to health disparities for the uninsured American I would need to use a subjective form of measurement.(Felton, 2013). In the textbook, (Frankfort-Nachmias, (2008). The strengths and limitations in the reliability and validity I chose Construct validity strengths are based on how many dimensions and measures construct validity has, construct validity can be operated in a number of ways. (Felton, 2013).In order to ensure reliability for the measurement in my study, first I need to understand as a researcher the importance in the degree of reliability. Reliability is when your measuring instrument stop variable errors or mistakes that appear not all the time between your obs ervation of your research for one time only or every time a variable is measured. So measurements contain two components which are called error component and true component. To further explain reliability which is measured on a ratio between true-score variance and variance in the total score measured. To ensure that my research study on health disparities is reliable for the measurement I will need to be able to distinguish that the results of the research may not be the exact same each time it is done. (Felton, (2013).The strengths and limitations when it comes to health disparities in the terms of reliability and validity can be linked to the fact that there are several components by which health disparities can be measured. Empirical validity and reliability are part of the research that deals with health disparities. One strength of empirical validity is relationships between prediction and results.According to the authors, (Ogden and Lo, (2011). The scale that is most appropri ate to use for researching health disparities in uninsured AmericaLikert scale (tests attitudes) since it requires the researcher hold a list of items that needs to be scaled, random research, then total of results. In using Likert scales there will be some limitations in the research involving health disparities. Some limitations are due to the repugn on the role of comparisons socially and the impact it would exact on how the scales are completed and the results of the data being researched. ( Felton, 2013).According to authors Lobo and Mateus, (2013). Since in health disparities there are so many areas that need to be measured even access to health care and scales for measurement can help to achieve the needed results for the researcher if you take into account the aspects of the scale that you can enhance and you will continue to need to validate scales in your other populations. (Felton, (2013).According to ( Nowjack-Raymer, (2013), the test that is appropriate for my health disparities research plan would probably looking to give out understand inequalities as well as health disparities, another test could involve developing examen with interventions that would be targeting people living in poverty, and we could also consider testing implementation and dissemination approaches for geographic expedition to findings that would be effective in order to assure translation that is fast that could be put into practice, bring about some policies with action within communities. (Felton, (2013).The populations used for the scale and test as it relates to health disparities according to the NIDCR authors (Nowjack-Raymer, (2013), will involve research that will be focused on the vulnerable and disadvantaged population in subgroups. The testing population could includeEldersAll ethnic and racial populations that are considered to be under health disparities, this will include Hispanic(Mexican, Puerto Rican, South and Central America, Cuban, and all Spanish spe aking nations), African Americans, aborigine Americans, Pacific Islander, and AlaskanRural low income persons, urban dwellers, including AppalachiansPersons who are unable leave their homes due to disabilities and persons who are in institutionsthe special needs populations that includes persons living with AIDS, developmental or acquired intellectual or physical disabilities. (Nowjack-Raymer, (2013) entropy analysis planSince in computer programme research there a number that is limited in the efforts to evaluate and create health disparities involving new strategies with the health care system. Here are some of these program that are being supported by the AHRQ Agency for Healthcare query and Quality for example(EXCEED) or Excellence Centers to Eliminate Ethnic/Racial Disparities, this is a grant program that looks for ways to eliminate health disparities. (Gillian, (2004).SamplingAccording to website (HHS.gov.,(2013), For my Quantitative Research Plan on Health Disparities us ing ratio measurement because it is the most common level used to measure disparity. The population (units of analysis that are relevant) for this research will include all uninsured African Americans in the United States today. Statistically according to the new Health Care Law or the Affordable Care Act there are 6.8 million African Americans eligible for benefits under the ACA. (Felton, 2013).The population for my study includes all uninsured African Americans in the United States according to the ACA. Population 6.8 million African Americans (including male and female), almost half of this number of issue adults. This population need to be defined on the basis of A. Content, B. Extent, and C. Time. Size 6.8 million. (HHS.gov.,(2013). I have make achange in my population for research which will be first finding a reference point which is critical when doing research on disparity.According to the authors, (Keppel, Pamuk, Lynch, Careter-Pokras, Kim, Mays, Pearcy, Schoenbach, and Weissman,(2005). I will also need to measure disparity in relative or absolution terms. Disparity is very obvious when you realize that disparity occurs when the quantity that separates a group from a reference point that is specified on a measure that is particular to health that is expressed in the terms of percentage, rate, means or some other measure that is quantitative. (Felton, 2013).. According to authors, (Keppel, et al, (2005) Sampling an individual within the Population such as for example the young adult population size of 3.2 million or 47% don t have health insurance from the ages 18 to 35 years of age. Type of Sampling used Probability sampling. A sample need to be able to represent the population it will be used for. When you want to measure a sample and your objective is to work from individual groups in a certain domain then use comparisons that are pair-wise. When you summarize the measures used in your disparity this will quantify all the groups in opposition an d any conclusions based on your summary results should be joined and interpreted using all groups. (Felton, 2013)How the sample will be drawn?When disparities are measured, first the reference point need to be identified, next if any two groups need to be compared the reference point with the favorable group need to be used(lowest rates). When using disparities samples it should be measured in both relative and absolute terms and when you are measuring disparities over various of health indicators it should be shown in terms of events that are adverse.Why did you choose this sample size and why it was chosen in relation to the size of your population?I initially chose this sample size since I had 3 populations to choose fromfor the uninsured African American population which were male, female, or young adults and I chose the young adult population since I had a solid statistical number of how many of young adults between the ages of 18 to 35 who are uninsured. I am not totally convi nced that choosing a sample size representing millions of people will be the correct course for me to take and I had a terrible time trying to create a graph or chart to show my numbers and I could not get the graph to show.Since the number of uninsured Americans is very high even with the Affordable Care Act being in place, I may have to consider working in another area in health disparity. I was attempting to doing a basic line graph chart showing the age of young adults with no health insurance. Since health disparities covers such a wide range of issues I will have to reconsider what area under health disparity I want to cover and research.Ethical ConcernsHealth Disparities research has emerging advances which include comparative effectiveness studies and controlled trials that are often conducted at academic sites and multiple communities. The institutional review boards (IRBs) has presented a impediment that is major to the effective and well-timed(a) conduct of health dispa rity research. When the research involved the underserved communities and minority along with institutional requirements, ethical standards comment may be different. These differences can cause complications in the research protocol and informed consent process and may have a negative effect on how the participants will respect this type of research and the quality of the trials.Also the IRB or institutional review board, can also lead to delays that are unnecessary, jeopardizing the message to perform collaborative projects and funding. The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Translational Research Network (TRN) have created a community-partnered approach to run side by side with the IRB review directly across the 18 RCMI institutions grantees that make sure compliance while making it better quality of health disparity research. (Hammatt,. and Nishitani, Junko and Heslin, Kevin and Perry and Szetela, and Jones, and Williams, and Antoine-LaVigne, and Forge, andNorris , Keith C, (2011).Even though Americans are living longer and are healthier, health disparities still exist. However, policymakers are making a answer to the health disparity issue by putting together and introducing legislation that are geared toward getting rid of health disparities. (ncsl.org., (2014).The Uninsured Americans as a health disparityThere is about 44 million Americans total without health insurance and another 38 million Americans who do not have enough health insurance to meet their healthcare needs. If persons do not have health insurance it will usually mean putting also necessary care such as childishness ImmunizationsPreventive careRoutine check-upsno Primary care doctorno access or limited access to prescription drugsbeing hospitalized for a condition that otherwise would not have led to a hospital stay that could have been avoided if you had health insuranceBecause of fear of medical bills you may choose to delay care which will usually lead to more cost to y ou, especially if you have to go to the emergency room.We must also understand that when the uninsured persons face a health crisis because they cant pay the burden of the cost will be to the insured population. (Glied, (2014).ReferencesActive Campaign, ( 2009). Validity in Research Design. Retrieved from website http//www.activecampaign.com/blog/validity-in-research-design/Bhattacherjee, A.,(2012). SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES. Retrieved from website http//scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=oa_textbooksFelton. (2013). _An analysis of personality theory._ Unpublishedmanuscript, Walden University.Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research Methods in the Social Sciences 7th Ed. New York WorthFrist, W., (2005). Overcoming Disparities in U. S. Healthcare. _Health Affairs. Retrieved from website http//content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/2/445.short._Gibbons, M., (2005). A Historical Overview of Health Disparities an d the Potential of eHealth Solutions. _Journal of Medical Internet Research. Retrieved from website http//www.jmir.org/2005/5/e50/_Gillian, S., (2004). Addressing Unequal Treatment Disparities in Healthcare. _The commonplace Fund. Retrieved from website http//www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/SteelFisher_unequaltreatment_cong2004_70 9.pdf?section=4039_Glied, S., (2014). The Uninsured. Retrieved from the website http//www.pbs.org/healthcarecrisis/uninsured.htmlHHS.gov(Health care.,. The Affordable Care Act and the African Americans. Retrieved from websitehttp//www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts/factsheets/2012/04/aca-and-african- americans04122012a.html012).(HAMMATT,. AND NISHITANI, JUNKO AND HESLIN, KEVIN AND PERRY AND SZETELA, AND JONES, AND WILLIAMS, AND ANTOINE-LAVIGNE, AND FORGE, AND NORRIS, KEITH C, (2011). PARTNERING TO HARMONIZE IRBS FOR COMMUNITY-ENGAGED RESEARCH TO REDUCE health DISPARITIES. PUBMED.GOV. RETRIEVED FROM WEBSITE HTTP//WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PUBMED/22102302(Hidalgo & Goodman, (2012). Validation of Self-Reported Measures in Health Disparities Research. _Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics. Retrieved from website_ http//www.omicsonline.org/validation-of-self-reported-measures-in-health-disparities- research-2155-6180.1000e114.pdf(Keppel, Pamuk, Lynch, Carter-Pokras, Kim, Mays, Pearcy, Schoenbach, & Weisman, (2005). Methodological Issues in step Health Disparities. Retrieved from website http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/serial publication/sr_02/sr02_141.pdfKilbourne, A., Switzer, G., Hyman, K., Crowley-Matoka, M., & Fine, M., (2006). Advancing Health Disparities Research within The Health Care System A Conceptual Framework. Retrieved from website http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698151/LOBO, A., & MATEUS, S., (2013). lustiness AND RELIABILITY OF AN EQUITY IN HEALTH CARE SCALE. _SAGE JOURNALS. RETRIEVED FROM WEBSITE_ HTTP//SGO.SAGEPUB.COM/CONTENT/3/4/2158244013506716Messer, L., (2008). Invited Commentary Measuring Social Disparities in H ealth-What Was the Question Again? _American Journal of Epiderminology._ Retrieved from website http//aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/8/900.full.pdfncsl.org., (2014). 2014 Health Disparity Legislation. Retrieved from website http//www.ncsl.org/research/health/2014-health-disparities-legislation.aspxnlm.nih.gov., Medline Plus., (2013). Health Disparities. Retrieved from website http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthdisparities.htmlNowjack-Raymer, (2013). Health Disparities Research Programs. Retrieved from website http//www.nidcr.nih.gov/Research/DER/ClinicalResearch/HealthDispar.htmOgden, J., & Lo, J.,(2011). How meaningful is data from Likert Scales? An evaluation of how ratings are made and the role of the response shift in the socially disadvantaged. Journal of Health Psychology. Retrieved from website http//hpq.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/08/06/1359105311417192,Parkdatabase.org.,(2012). soft and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment. _An Int roductory Brief._ Retrieved from website http//reliefweb.int/report/world/qualitative-and-quantitative-research-techniques- humanitarian-needs-assessment.Shavers, V., (2007). Measurement of Socio-economic Status in Health Disparity Research. _Journal of National Medical Association. Retrieved from website_

A Comparison between Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter and Arthur Miller’s Crucible

two the orange red Letter and the crucible describe the hysteria generated by the highly restrictive and stifling straitlaced alliance. I. The Scarlet Letter portrays the situation of a woman and man who cod committed criminal conversation and channelizes the consequences that they have to endure. 1. Hester Prynne wears a symbolical scarlet letter which is the mark of social infamy because she confronts society openly, her spirit is lightd from harm and she is able to perceive the truth about the society she comprises in.2. Arthur Dimmesdale is blinded by the corruption of the society and can non front himself and his deed in a true light. Because he is not able to admit his break and live in honesty he is destroyed by his own inner tumult and by the creator of the social condemnation. II. The crucible likewise describes a society in which witchcraft is used as a screen to cover the thirst of a prudish society for cruelty and revenge. 1. Abigail Williams and the an some different(prenominal) girls fling accusations at innocent people in the society, delighted by the power they acquire in this way. This shows the way in which the outward show of justice and goodness ar used to cover offend and ugly.There is a profound reversal of values in the Puritanical world. 3. John Proctor refuses to lie and live in falsehood and is among the few characters who try to uproot prejudice and reveal the truth to the society. After he and other two innocent people are executed, the society seems to realize its blindness and the injustice that hid beyond the witches trials. both(prenominal) Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter and Arthur Millers Crucible are studies of religious superstition which caused a mass delirium in the 17th century Puritanical America.The witchcraft trials that took place at that sentence are an instance of the contagious effect that superstition had on society. twain the Scarlet Letter and the Crucible portray, at the kindred succession, the society that made possible a number of crimes to be committed in the name of religion and good and several privates that struggle with prejudice and mass superstition. The Puritanical society of the seventeenth century America attempted to stifle human passion and to numb imagination. The societys crude(a) condemnation of sin and of any sign of liberal molar concentrationght placed a undischarged control on the individual.In this suffocating environment, passion became a crime and superstition and prejudice rose rapidly. However, there was single a pretense at holiness and purity in the Puritanical society. In smart set to dissimulate their own passions, people began looking for sin in the other members of community. Inebriated by what they dictum as their holy mission, which required them to purge the community of evil, the people of Salem began sacrificing other members of the society to carry through their desire for punishment and revenge.Arthur Dimmes dale in the Scarlet Letter and John Proctor in the Crucible are similar in many ways. As it shall be shown however, Dimmesdale is tormented by his sin while Proctor, although he condemns himself for his mistake, sees the rampant spread of prejudice in Salem and understands that the sins of those that pretend holiness are much greater. Both of the stories hence deal with mass delirium and show man to be prone on degrading even religion and the principles of good and justice. Interestingly, both of the works are centered on the idea of adultery.Arthur Dimmesdale, a priest, commits adultery with Hester Prynne and has to live with this s hummer on his conscience while preaching holiness to others. John Proctor, an common man living in Salem, has an two-timing(a) relationship with Abigail Williams, the reverend Parriss niece. In both cases, the adultery sets the scene for the social delirium that feeds on the suspicion of sin and evil inside the community. In the Scarlet Letter, Heste r Prynne gives birth to a little girl while her husband is missing from the village.While Hesters sin is easily discovered by the eager society, Dimmesdales adultery remains hidden. This is symbolized by the letter A, the scarlet letter, that Hester has to wear over her chest for the rest of her look. Accusations of witchcraft soon arise as well, and the adulterous woman is fiercely banished from society. She ends up living on the outskirts of the town, where she raises Pearl on her own. The little girl is just about taken from her by the people of the town, but she manages to keep her with the help of Dimmesdale.Hester has openly admitted her sin and while she obdurately displays her outrage in front of the other people but Dimmesdale has to keep his true nature hidden. This is not only the result of circumstances however. Hesters mind and her spirit allow her to be free. She believes in life and the possibility of good and happiness beyond sin. For Dimmesdale however, his sin is in addition the end and it foreshadows his death. His spirit cannot feel free anymore as a Christian he knows that it is impossible to erase his past and leave his sin behind.All through the book, Dimmesdale struggles with an unmovable reality. He knows he is guilty and also knows that his sin cannot be deliver through earthly penance, yet he still searches for a ray of light to illuminate him and make pass him towards salvation. The permanent pretense and act he has to put in front of the community is what eventually crushes his spirit. He knows that he cannot transform himself so as to run knowledge of his sin. Ultimately, Dimmesdale cannot think of acquiring a sore identity and leaving the town, as Hester urges him to.Symbolically, he refuses to give up his name and thus escape the opprobrium of the community Give up this name of Arthur Dimmesdale, and make thyself some other, and a high one, such as thou canst wear without fear or shame (Hawthorne, 1980, p. 242). Becaus e of the weight of social conventions and demands, a name is attached to the individual but does not necessarily speak of a persons character. Dimmesdales dilemma is that, as a believer and an essentially good man, he is torn apart by the knowledge that he is a sinner and he can no longer perform truly good deeds.This is also why he is incapable of leaving the place as Hester had urged him Dimmesdale is tied to the community because of his sin. He cannot escape thus the space that torments him and keeps him imprisoned. By contrast, Hester, who wears the scarlet letter as the symbol of sin and social rejection, has a passport to freedom. Because she is marginalized by the Puritanical society of Boston, she is able to enjoy a spiritual freedom that the other women cannot even imagine The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread (Hawthorne, 1980, p. 300).On the other hand, Dimmesdale cannot free his mind and think beyond the conventional social sta ndards and laws The minister had never gone through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws (Hawthorne, 1980, p. 300). The Scarlet Letter studies therefore the inner corruption and falsehood of the Puritanical society in America. The two main characters, who are unite through their sin, reveal two different attitudes when confronted with the force of mass superstition and prejudice. Hester, who wears the burning scarlet letter on her chest, is able to free her mind.She is sees that the society is corrupt and that her sin is not a tremendous one. On the other, Arthur Dimmesdale has to wear the mark of his sin secretly. The symbolic scarlet letter is burning in his soul and the shame eventually destroys him. The letter that the two lovers wear is a symbol of the action of social force in an agitated time. It represents the thirst of the Puritanical society for exposing and cruelly condemning sin. Arthur Millers Crucible portrays the same Puri tanical society in America in an even more revealing way.The title is truly significant on the one hand, the crucible is an allusion to the witches melting pot, the cauldron they use in order to hit the spells on the other hand, the crucible is a symbol for the Puritanical hysteria that was itself a melting pot where innocent people were sacrificed to satisfy social prejudice, prudishness and revenge. Miller depicts the development of the witchcraft hysteria with great artistry. Significantly, the social delirium is caused by Abigail Williams, a selfish and passionate young woman who cannot accept the occurrence that John Proctor rejects her.As the protagonists in the Scarlet Letter, Abigail Williams and Proctor have committed adultery. However, Proctor is genuinely different from Dimmesdale. While he regrets his deed, he corroborates his sobriety and reason in the midst of the Puritanical hysteria. He is a believer and he also loves his wife, and therefore discontinues the rel ationship with Abigail. When the young girl is caught in the forest with a gathering of women and people begin to suspect witchcraft, she saves herself and blames Tituba for having compacted with the devil.The hysteria begins as the girls who were caught terpsichore in the woods declare having been lured by witches. This generates a complicated web of accusations and subsequent trials. People are condemned with no visible proof when the girls state they have been lured by dark spirits. Under the outward show of purity, the society judges and condemns the innocent with no other proof than the persuasive acting skills of young girls who faint, holler and fall ill in the presence of those who are supposedly evil. In the end, all the people who had managed to maintain their rational thinking and their sanity during these proceedings are condemned.John Proctor and his wife are also waiting to be hanged, along with other honest people who perceive the intricate web of lying and deceptio n and refuse to bend to it. Their spirits reject the demands of the society to betray the other people in order to satisfy their thirst for revenge You must understand sir, that a person is either with this motor lodge or must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a sharp time now, a precise time we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world.Now, by Gods grace, the shining sun is up(Miller, 2003, p. 93 ) As the judge describes it, the Puritanical society attempted to destroy evil completely and maintain only the good. Interestingly, when John Proctor is faced with a similar dilemma to that of Dimmesdale, he reacts in the same way. The greet tempts John Proctor to sign a declaration of guilt and to continue his life with his pregnant wife. The enticement is even greater as the two have just forgiven each other and rediscovered their love and their desire to live.Ultimately however, Proctor cannot sign his name to a lie Because it is my name Because I cannot have another in my life Because I lie and sign myself to lies Because I am not worth the clean on the feet of them that hang (Miller, 2003, p. 167). Like Dimmesdale, he cannot adopt a false position in society in order to save himself and therefore chooses death over falsehood. Both the Scarlet Letter and the Crucible reveal the inner workings of the stifling Puritanical world. Attempting to destroy evil completely, the Puritanical world genuinely destroys justice and honesty.